{"id":25889,"date":"2025-09-21T01:01:16","date_gmt":"2025-09-21T01:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=25889"},"modified":"2025-09-27T06:36:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T06:36:11","slug":"atmosphere","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/atmosphere\/","title":{"rendered":"1b1 Atmosphere"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-25889\" data-postid=\"25889\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-25889 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"i8pz231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_i8pz231 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_1uhk231 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mp0p231 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_g9ck231  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Atmosphere            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Composition, Layers, &amp; Human Impacts            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mlez231 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"sblz231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_sblz231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_o01o231 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xgyr231 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2a1.jpg\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_h6nc231 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_a9ga231    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Atmosphere Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_apmz231    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Describe the basic composition of Earth&#8217;s atmosphere, including how atmospheric gases relate to ozone depletion and acid rain.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain the greenhouse effect including how it relates to Earth&#8217;s climate.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"rtzm231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_rtzm231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_3cq2231 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_y8hv231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Now that you have gone through the basics of the course, including developing a safety checklist, this module introduces what to look for in the environments you may encounter.\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>Next week you will have your first field experiences, and this guide will prepare you for the field work ahead.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ctf8231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ctf8231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_eflc231 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2muo231 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_248374732.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"350\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_h05v231 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_um18231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">In the Discovery Guide, we went through the <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/welcome\/discovery\/course-topics\/#\">hierarchy of life<\/a> from atom to biosphere.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">We are starting this guide with the parts of the biosphere.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"h70z231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_h70z231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4a5k231 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_h3kn231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>The biosphere consists of three components.\u00a0 What are they?<\/p>\n<p>This video models a miniature biosphere you can make yourself.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_gpxm231 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/461692862?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4xq5231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>If you would like to make your own biosphere, information is available on the resources page.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module buttons -->\n<div  class=\"module module-buttons tb_5yym231 buttons-horizontal solid  large circle\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"module-buttons-item tf_in_flx\">\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/resources\/#\" class=\"ui builder_button tf_in_flx yellow\" >\n                                                Resources                                        <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<!-- \/module buttons -->\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"v1ym231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_v1ym231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_xjua231 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ywgz231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Now we are focusing in on the basic characteristics of Earth&#8217;s atmosphere.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_slz2231 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/462495897?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"m641231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_m641231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_rn4d231 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_libn231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">This view of Mount Hood is from a jet traveling five miles above Earth&#8217;s surface, near the top of the troposphere.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_41kp231 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_9a1y231 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/382806947?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"qdzm231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_qdzm231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_k2ap231 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_tewt231 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/366652641?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_4pqd231 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_a27d231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Although we breath in nitrogen and need it for cellular structure and function, it takes bacteria in the soil and water to convert atmospheric nitrogen onto a form other organisms can utilize.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_em5a231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_w0li231 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_x0a1231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Atmosphere Basics<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"fo18231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_fo18231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_3fo1231 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_f6t1231\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_1j8s231 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_9ojg231 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/gasesatmo-1024x809.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"809\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_tucl231 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u1tq231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Many of these gases are not directly utilized by humans, although we may need some of the nutrients (like nitrogen) to eventually reach us through the food web.\u00a0 Which gas can we directly utilize?<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"4lhm231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_4lhm231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_3x3x231 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_g5t8231\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_bsxf231 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_us7w231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The Earth has a layered atmosphere, with different densities and composition of gases.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>For example, there is a higher amount of ozone in part of the stratosphere than in other layers.<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_y2w3231 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_0nnt231 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/layersatmo-1024x635.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"635\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"lch9231\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_lch9231 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_fqpn231 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_c8fl231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>From the illustration above, which atmospheric layer do humans primarily live within?<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_uo0t231 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_yl36231 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ryp2231   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Human impacts on the atmosphere<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"mkni230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_mkni230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_h772230 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_8bem230\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_y4ey230 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_3azg230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/shutterstock_1150100612-1024x724.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_7lv1230 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jbrk230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were thought to be relatively harmless molecules, and were used as refrigerants and propellants (in things like cans of hairspray).<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>CFCs entered the stratosphere and reacted with the ozone molecules, tearing them apart.\u00a0 It turned out that ozone was reducing the amount of ultraviolet light that reached the earth&#8217;s surface.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0pcj230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0pcj230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_tpmk230 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_piyy230\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_byyq230 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_suu8230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Ultraviolet light can cause mutations, and increased levels impacted a wide range of organisms.\u00a0 In humans, the areas most impacted by ozone depletion (for example in New Zealand), has higher rates of cataracts (vision loss) and skin cancer.<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_oaym230 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_gkit230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/eyesmall-1024x576.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"vc4b230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_vc4b230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_55oi230 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_uhco230\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_xzju230 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_95y7230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1205629267.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1499\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_ttzo230 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qbh6230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The Montreal Protocol of 1987 limited CFC production, and although CFCs remain in the atmosphere for decades, they are decreasing and ozone concentration is recovering.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>This is considered to be one of the most impactful international environmental treaties ever enacted.<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"klmv230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_klmv230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_xetj230 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_zc0r230\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_c5au230 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_d5ac230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/acidrain-1024x1024.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_q5dv230 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jv4r230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Which two molecules can react with water to form acid rain?\u00a0 _____ and _____<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>These molecules are produced by natural sources like wildland fires and volcanic eruptions.\u00a0 Human activities release concentrated streams of these gases into the atmosphere, where they can interact with water vapor.<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0kvb230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0kvb230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ewpg230 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_8yp1230\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_ahwf230 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_b2hb230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Acid rain is also called acid deposition because it can be acid fog, acid snow, or acid sleet as well.\u00a0 What are two possible impacts of acid rain?<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_4z3r230 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kj8y230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1093338419.jpg\" width=\"2500\" height=\"2070\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"tmhz230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_tmhz230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_u9zq230 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_j0b7230\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3 tb_11ft230 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_afk0230 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/462518117?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_zias230 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t5a3230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>This video contextualizes acid rain in comparison to better-known household products.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"7lbf230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_7lbf230 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_m6hn230 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_xu44230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_vbaw230 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lk8c230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Greenhouse Effect &amp; Climate<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"w68w230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_w68w230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_iyud230 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qp51230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Think about how many times during the week that you have discussed the weather with someone else, or how many times you changed clothes or plans related to the weather.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Weather is short-term trends in temperature and precipitation; climate is a long-term trend in accumulated weather events.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_te7h230 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/365135385?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_4evu230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_950d230 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ld7s230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cloudlayers-1024x614.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_35df230 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ds3b230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Specific weather can be difficult to predict more than a week in advance, and that gives an indication of how challenging it can be to create long-term climate models.<\/h5>\n<h5>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n<h5>Instead of specifically predicting a day&#8217;s temperature or a week&#8217;s precipitation, climate models plot anticipated trends based on accumulated weather events over time.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"mgaj230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_mgaj230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_01b0230 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2vcv230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">This video introduces the greenhouse effect that creates our climate.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_pcgs230 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/462498512?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"qeuu230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_qeuu230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_doup230 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_aqq5230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Our climate is created by atmospheric gases that retain heat.\u00a0 What are some of these greenhouse gases?<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Too high of a concentration of greenhouse gases leads towards an atmosphere more like Venus; too low of a concentration is more like Mars.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_dtmz230 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_o6ms230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/greenhouseeffect-1024x915.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"1bax230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_1bax230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_iuso230 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_zdgn230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/nutcarboncycle-1-971x1024.jpg\" width=\"971\" height=\"1024\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_trtn230 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cyuh230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">This figure indicates some of the human activities that can increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">We&#8217;ll have more on how climate change and its impact on ecosystems in upcoming guides.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"lkrd230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_lkrd230 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_d0pr230 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"6330230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_6330230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_70yo230 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_eyqu230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The next section introduces the hydrosphere, including the significance of the water molecule to biological functions.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"omkn230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_omkn230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_corq230 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_w2w8230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2a1.jpg\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_62up230 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_goqf230    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jpay230    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>describe the basic composition of Earth&#8217;s atmosphere, including how atmospheric gases relate to ozone depletion and acid rain?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain the greenhouse effect including how it relates to Earth&#8217;s climate?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"9iel230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_9iel230 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_z12n230 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_wjgf230 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nx3y230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Biosphere Guide Overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_7b9q230 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_vy6v230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xa5n230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Hydrosphere Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_yzfa230 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_z5a4230 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_j8vg230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Biosphere Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_4bky230 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #0093af;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2cw9230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This guide and corresponding lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_wph5230\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_u6bu230 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_6u6s230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Atmosphere- YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Atmosphere- YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Atmosphere- YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_bhmd230\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fj5o230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Hydrosphere\" alt=\"Hydrosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\">\n                        Hydrosphere                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_5iil230\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_u4qr230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/lithosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Lithosphere\" alt=\"Lithosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/lithosphere\/#\">\n                        Lithosphere                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_omtk230 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mdky230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Climate &amp; Biomes\" alt=\"Climate &amp; Biomes\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\">\n                        Climate & Biomes                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"fmse230\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_fmse230 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_lkyv230 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ik16230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_mn0n230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Module 1<\/h3>\n<h5>Field &amp; Lab<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_p03e230\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_68ex230 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nsc9230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>Biosphere<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_t6g0230 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_tx8z230 image-top drop-shadow circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1foz230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Atmosphere Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":25884,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25889","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h1>Atmosphere<br\/>Composition, Layers, & Human Impacts<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2a1.jpg\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h3><strong>Atmosphere Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Describe the basic composition of Earth's atmosphere, including how atmospheric gases relate to ozone depletion and acid rain.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain the greenhouse effect including how it relates to Earth's climate.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h5>Now that you have gone through the basics of the course, including developing a safety checklist, this module introduces what to look for in the environments you may encounter.\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>Next week you will have your first field experiences, and this guide will prepare you for the field work ahead.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_248374732.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"350\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">In the Discovery Guide, we went through the <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/welcome\/discovery\/course-topics\/#\">hierarchy of life<\/a> from atom to biosphere.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\">We are starting this guide with the parts of the biosphere.<\/p>\n<p>The biosphere consists of three components.\u00a0 What are they?<\/p> <p>This video models a miniature biosphere you can make yourself.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/461692862[\/embed]\n<p>If you would like to make your own biosphere, information is available on the resources page.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/resources\/#\" > Resources <\/a>\n<p>Now we are focusing in on the basic characteristics of Earth's atmosphere.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/462495897[\/embed]\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">This view of Mount Hood is from a jet traveling five miles above Earth's surface, near the top of the troposphere.<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/382806947[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/366652641[\/embed]\n<h5>Although we breath in nitrogen and need it for cellular structure and function, it takes bacteria in the soil and water to convert atmospheric nitrogen onto a form other organisms can utilize.<\/h5>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Atmosphere Basics<\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/gasesatmo-1024x809.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"809\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h5>Many of these gases are not directly utilized by humans, although we may need some of the nutrients (like nitrogen) to eventually reach us through the food web.\u00a0 Which gas can we directly utilize?<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h5>The Earth has a layered atmosphere, with different densities and composition of gases.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>For example, there is a higher amount of ozone in part of the stratosphere than in other layers.<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/layersatmo-1024x635.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"635\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h3>From the illustration above, which atmospheric layer do humans primarily live within?<\/h3>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Human impacts on the atmosphere<\/h2>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/shutterstock_1150100612-1024x724.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h5>Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were thought to be relatively harmless molecules, and were used as refrigerants and propellants (in things like cans of hairspray).<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>CFCs entered the stratosphere and reacted with the ozone molecules, tearing them apart.\u00a0 It turned out that ozone was reducing the amount of ultraviolet light that reached the earth's surface.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h5>Ultraviolet light can cause mutations, and increased levels impacted a wide range of organisms.\u00a0 In humans, the areas most impacted by ozone depletion (for example in New Zealand), has higher rates of cataracts (vision loss) and skin cancer.<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/eyesmall-1024x576.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1205629267.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1499\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h5>The Montreal Protocol of 1987 limited CFC production, and although CFCs remain in the atmosphere for decades, they are decreasing and ozone concentration is recovering.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>This is considered to be one of the most impactful international environmental treaties ever enacted.<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/acidrain-1024x1024.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h5>Which two molecules can react with water to form acid rain?\u00a0 _____ and _____<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>These molecules are produced by natural sources like wildland fires and volcanic eruptions.\u00a0 Human activities release concentrated streams of these gases into the atmosphere, where they can interact with water vapor.<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h5>Acid rain is also called acid deposition because it can be acid fog, acid snow, or acid sleet as well.\u00a0 What are two possible impacts of acid rain?<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1093338419.jpg\" width=\"2500\" height=\"2070\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/462518117[\/embed]\n<h5>This video contextualizes acid rain in comparison to better-known household products.<\/h5>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Greenhouse Effect &amp; Climate<\/h2>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Think about how many times during the week that you have discussed the weather with someone else, or how many times you changed clothes or plans related to the weather.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Weather is short-term trends in temperature and precipitation; climate is a long-term trend in accumulated weather events.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/365135385[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cloudlayers-1024x614.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h5>Specific weather can be difficult to predict more than a week in advance, and that gives an indication of how challenging it can be to create long-term climate models.<\/h5> <h5>&nbsp;<\/h5> <h5>Instead of specifically predicting a day's temperature or a week's precipitation, climate models plot anticipated trends based on accumulated weather events over time.<\/h5>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">This video introduces the greenhouse effect that creates our climate.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/462498512[\/embed]\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Our climate is created by atmospheric gases that retain heat.\u00a0 What are some of these greenhouse gases?<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Too high of a concentration of greenhouse gases leads towards an atmosphere more like Venus; too low of a concentration is more like Mars.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/greenhouseeffect-1024x915.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/nutcarboncycle-1-971x1024.jpg\" width=\"971\" height=\"1024\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">This figure indicates some of the human activities that can increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">We'll have more on how climate change and its impact on ecosystems in upcoming guides.<\/h5>\n<h5>The next section introduces the hydrosphere, including the significance of the water molecule to biological functions.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2a1.jpg\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\">\n<h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>describe the basic composition of Earth's atmosphere, including how atmospheric gases relate to ozone depletion and acid rain?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain the greenhouse effect including how it relates to Earth's climate?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Biosphere Guide Overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Hydrosphere Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Biosphere Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>This guide and corresponding lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Atmosphere- YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Atmosphere- YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Atmosphere- YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Hydrosphere\" alt=\"Hydrosphere\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\"> Hydrosphere <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/lithosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Lithosphere\" alt=\"Lithosphere\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/lithosphere\/#\"> Lithosphere <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Climate &amp; Biomes\" alt=\"Climate &amp; Biomes\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\"> Climate & Biomes <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Module 1<\/h3> <h5>Field &amp; Lab<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/field-lab\/biosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>Biosphere<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"1b1 Atmosphere\" alt=\"1b1 Atmosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25889"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26823,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25889\/revisions\/26823"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}