{"id":26291,"date":"2025-09-26T22:58:15","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T22:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=26291"},"modified":"2025-09-27T06:56:01","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T06:56:01","slug":"lithosphere","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/lithosphere\/","title":{"rendered":"2a3 Lithosphere"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-26291\" data-postid=\"26291\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-26291 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"rb59854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_rb59854 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ipoa854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mcli854 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_fx7l854  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Lithosphere            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Rocks, Nutrients, &amp; Soils            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5fak854 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"rq4f854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_rq4f854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_rvnb854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ujez854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2a3.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_7cyk854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3ty4854    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Lithosphere Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_36n5854    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li>\n<p><b>Explain the significance of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><b>Describe impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, including wind and soil erosion.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Outline the key components of a field kit including why they are important.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"760p854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_760p854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_2tih854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hmcv854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The lithosphere includes layers of rocks and is the sink for many nutrients.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"e6c2854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_e6c2854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_3e9o854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_elw7854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1613979661.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"350\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_xs96854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5xua854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Most of the active nutrient cycling is occurring in the outer crust although volcanic activity can bring nutrients to the surface.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_qy1o854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_vb9u854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vfyl854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Nitrogen<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"f097854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_f097854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_5pjf854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_9are854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1562654851.jpg\" width=\"2428\" height=\"550\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_qgp4854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bwij854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">The primary sink for nitrogen is the _________.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nitrogen also plays important roles in the water and within soils.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"auxk854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_auxk854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_8dbq854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wsgi854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">From this video, which organisms are key in transforming atmospheric nitrogen into a molecular form that can be used by other species?<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_12jg854 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/461695748?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"65be854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_65be854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_zs2i854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xxis854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1255963513-2.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"350\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ll9w854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ph72854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">If you set up a fish tank, or in this example a freshwater shrimp tank, it is critical that bacterial colonies establish to break down the nitrogen molecules from animal excretions and decaying plants.\u00a0 Accumulating ammonia can be deadly and only detectable through water testing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">In many cases it is a good idea to start with a small number of plants and animals until the bacteria transfer in from the air and establish in number.\u00a0 Another possibility is to transfer bacteria-rich sediment and\/or plants from another tank.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"yggd854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_yggd854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_eewy854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_b719854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>In this tank, bacteria are primarily located in the sediment and on the surface of the freshwater aquatic plants.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_d5p7854 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/462753426?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_1znd854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7ppe854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>In this tank the bacteria, along with green photosynthetic algae, are abundant in the water column.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_vlpm854 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/462753377?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"ojfm854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_ojfm854 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_nfhl854 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_lbdo854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_zhhn854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_p6cz854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystems<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"a75v854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_a75v854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_fd70854 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_zknn854 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/366011550?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_v7l8854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_oz61854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Wind can have a significant impact on species.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"fken854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_fken854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_mstv854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ecmn854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/wind-risk-1024x656.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"656\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_23n3854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nad8854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Wind can increase water loss, erode at plant structures, and drop temperature barriers around a plant.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"bjxh854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_bjxh854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_819z854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_w1t2854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Wind can also increase rates of soil erosion.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_bvqq854 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xyuw854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/wind-soil-1024x647.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"647\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"lbd5854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_lbd5854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_83eu854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kzod854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/windy-plants-1024x639.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"639\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_xnv5854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6fku854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Plants in windy habitats have structural features that reduce exposure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">These are similar to adaptations plants have in cold habitats.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"sw2j854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_sw2j854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_4ose854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_o2b4854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/conifer-needles-1024x953.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_3fru854\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wel3854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Conifer needles and cactus needles are both examples of leaf shapes that reduce exposure to harsh environmental conditions, including extremes in temperature.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_h9it854 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_s6qd854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/cactus-spine-1010x1024.jpg\" width=\"1010\" height=\"300\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"37p4854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_37p4854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_ilow854 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_0xs1854 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/366010461?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_czwr854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9g3w854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Pines that have evolved in windy coastal environments over time have a different growth form than pines living on central mountains.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"zdyh854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_zdyh854 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_2rhy854 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_o24n854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_dovq854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4vwq854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Preparing a Field Kit<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"67ci854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_67ci854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_kcmk854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dg1a854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>A field kit plays a critical role in bridging planning and data collection on location.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"i6ot854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_i6ot854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_mrpa854 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_j1xf854 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/461237450?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_c924854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_l64t854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Field kits vary depending on whether you are on a short excursion or a longer expedition.\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>In this course, you are preparing for short excursions.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"3o6h854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_3o6h854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_606b854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lk4q854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Here is a tour of one of our field kits.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_hfz9854 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/308745317?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0ux3854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0ux3854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_fujm854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_4np4854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/bucket-blue-mark-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_6eau854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xwm9854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Sometimes the best field gear is the least expensive or most commonplace.<\/h5>\n<h5>A bucket can be used to carry equipment, store wet samples, and substitute for work as a stool.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"3ttd854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_3ttd854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_06kv854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dizu854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Keep it simple: the easier to carry and assemble, the more likely you are to use it in the field.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_mqds854 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_21y0854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/mark-assembles-tent-1024x515.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_m3le854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_7k3o854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_tu19854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Field Kits<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_0a6m854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ogwl854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Recipe for an effective kit:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Can be carried over a distance comfortably<\/li>\n<li>Weather proof, including high temperatures and rain<\/li>\n<li>Animal-proof, food and scented items in plastic bags or containers<\/li>\n<li>Enough water and food for an unexpectedly long trip<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"gcrq854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_gcrq854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_fmlc854 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_mhnq854 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/462501846?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_n8q8854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ysze854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">In science like many other fields, improvising and re-tasking materials is a way to reduce expense.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_kobd854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_1012854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_299e854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Start Your 2A Media Piece Assignment here<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"mkbj854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_mkbj854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-2 tb_qe9u854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_g9at854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Field Kit<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h6>In this assignment you will be assembling a field kit for laboratory and field work.\u00a0 When complete, upload a photo to Canvas, and you can add information to the comment box provided, if desired.\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6><em>You do <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">not<\/span> need to make purchases for this assignment.\u00a0 Creativity with re-purposed items is encouraged.\u00a0 Contact the teaching team if you have difficulty selecting an item.<\/em><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_kj15854 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_gaz6854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/backpack-clasp-ss-1024x684.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"thu2854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_thu2854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_1o5i854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yybd854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Your field kit should contain:<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Safety Gear<\/strong>:\u00a0 could be a smaller safety kit, your safety checklist, and\/or other safety materials you feel are important.<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Weather Gear<\/strong>: could include a hat, sunscreen, heavy clothes, whatever you feel you will need to use in your weather conditions.<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Map(s)<\/strong>: directions to at least three locations where you think you may find an ecosystem with observable organisms.\u00a0 This can be in a building or outdoors.\u00a0 The map or maps can be on a digital device (arranged in the field kit photo) or printed out.<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Data Collection Materials<\/strong>: could include a ruler, watch\/timer, camera phone, journal, note pad, pencils, plastic bags, binoculars or whatever else you come up with.<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>A Creative\/Personal Addition<\/strong>: could be a towel (for fans of <em>Hitchhiker&#8217;s Guide to the Galaxy<\/em>), camping gear, a compass, a container for specimen storage, or something innovative for collecting information about animals.<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Something to Carry Everything in<\/strong>: could be a backpack, a garbage bag (we&#8217;ve used these), a bucket, or whatever you plan to use.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"wfmb854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_wfmb854 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_1ifr854 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"6iio854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_6iio854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_0pga854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_sc2d854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2a3-1.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_qj4m854 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1fgx854    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_aq2w854    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li>\n<p><b>explain the significance of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?<\/b><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><b>describe impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, including wind and soil erosion?<\/b><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>outline the key components of a field kit including why they are important?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"k9e4854\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_k9e4854 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_zpsd854 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fck4854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3qy1854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Hydrosphere Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_81d6854 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_qywq854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bztc854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Climate &amp; Biomes Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_90n5854 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_0f2v854 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5vf0854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Biosphere Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_x3n6854 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #0093af;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_olil854   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_4ri1854\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_stfb854 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_qyh7854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/atmosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Atmosphere\" alt=\"Atmosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/atmosphere\/#\">\n                        Atmosphere                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_9wqe854\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kkke854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Hydrosphere\" alt=\"Hydrosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\">\n                        Hydrosphere                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_me83854\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_k2rb854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Lithosphere - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Lithosphere - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Lithosphere - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_9nzn854 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ji5a854 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Climate &amp; Biomes\" alt=\"Climate &amp; Biomes\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\">\n                        Climate & Biomes                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"szvg876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_szvg876 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_4 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_kshm876 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2htl876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ofdj876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 2<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_4gnj876\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_bbqi876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t5tf876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>2A: Biosphere<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_qloi876\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_3c99876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/products\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ate0876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Products Information<\/h3>\n<h5>2A: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_74ev876 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_zjk9876 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_eijf876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lithosphere Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":26270,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26291","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<h1>Lithosphere<br\/>Rocks, Nutrients, & Soils<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2a3.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<h3><strong>Lithosphere Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li> <p><b>Explain the significance of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.<\/b><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><b>Describe impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, including wind and soil erosion.<\/b><\/p> <\/li> <li><strong>Outline the key components of a field kit including why they are important.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h5>The lithosphere includes layers of rocks and is the sink for many nutrients.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1613979661.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"350\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Most of the active nutrient cycling is occurring in the outer crust although volcanic activity can bring nutrients to the surface.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Nitrogen<\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1562654851.jpg\" width=\"2428\" height=\"550\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The primary sink for nitrogen is the _________.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Nitrogen also plays important roles in the water and within soils.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">From this video, which organisms are key in transforming atmospheric nitrogen into a molecular form that can be used by other species?<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/461695748[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/shutterstock_1255963513-2.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"350\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">If you set up a fish tank, or in this example a freshwater shrimp tank, it is critical that bacterial colonies establish to break down the nitrogen molecules from animal excretions and decaying plants.\u00a0 Accumulating ammonia can be deadly and only detectable through water testing.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\">In many cases it is a good idea to start with a small number of plants and animals until the bacteria transfer in from the air and establish in number.\u00a0 Another possibility is to transfer bacteria-rich sediment and\/or plants from another tank.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>In this tank, bacteria are primarily located in the sediment and on the surface of the freshwater aquatic plants.<\/strong><\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/462753426[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>In this tank the bacteria, along with green photosynthetic algae, are abundant in the water column.<\/strong><\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/462753377[\/embed]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystems<\/h3>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/366011550[\/embed]\n<h5>Wind can have a significant impact on species.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/wind-risk-1024x656.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"656\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Wind can increase water loss, erode at plant structures, and drop temperature barriers around a plant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Wind can also increase rates of soil erosion.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/wind-soil-1024x647.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"647\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/windy-plants-1024x639.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"639\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Plants in windy habitats have structural features that reduce exposure.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\">These are similar to adaptations plants have in cold habitats.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/conifer-needles-1024x953.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Conifer needles and cactus needles are both examples of leaf shapes that reduce exposure to harsh environmental conditions, including extremes in temperature.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/cactus-spine-1010x1024.jpg\" width=\"1010\" height=\"300\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/366010461[\/embed]\n<h5>Pines that have evolved in windy coastal environments over time have a different growth form than pines living on central mountains.<\/h5>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Preparing a Field Kit<\/h3>\n<h5>A field kit plays a critical role in bridging planning and data collection on location.<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/461237450[\/embed]\n<h5>Field kits vary depending on whether you are on a short excursion or a longer expedition.\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>In this course, you are preparing for short excursions.<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>Here is a tour of one of our field kits.<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/308745317[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/bucket-blue-mark-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<h5>Sometimes the best field gear is the least expensive or most commonplace.<\/h5> <h5>A bucket can be used to carry equipment, store wet samples, and substitute for work as a stool.<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Keep it simple: the easier to carry and assemble, the more likely you are to use it in the field.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/mark-assembles-tent-1024x515.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Field Kits<\/h2>\n<h3>Recipe for an effective kit:<\/h3> <ul> <li>Can be carried over a distance comfortably<\/li> <li>Weather proof, including high temperatures and rain<\/li> <li>Animal-proof, food and scented items in plastic bags or containers<\/li> <li>Enough water and food for an unexpectedly long trip<\/li> <\/ul>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/462501846[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">In science like many other fields, improvising and re-tasking materials is a way to reduce expense.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Start Your 2A Media Piece Assignment here<\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Field Kit<\/strong><\/h3> <h6>In this assignment you will be assembling a field kit for laboratory and field work.\u00a0 When complete, upload a photo to Canvas, and you can add information to the comment box provided, if desired.\u00a0<\/h6> <h6><em>You do not need to make purchases for this assignment.\u00a0 Creativity with re-purposed items is encouraged.\u00a0 Contact the teaching team if you have difficulty selecting an item.<\/em><\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/backpack-clasp-ss-1024x684.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<h6>Your field kit should contain:<\/h6> <h6><strong>Safety Gear<\/strong>:\u00a0 could be a smaller safety kit, your safety checklist, and\/or other safety materials you feel are important.<\/h6> <h6><strong>Weather Gear<\/strong>: could include a hat, sunscreen, heavy clothes, whatever you feel you will need to use in your weather conditions.<\/h6> <h6><strong>Map(s)<\/strong>: directions to at least three locations where you think you may find an ecosystem with observable organisms.\u00a0 This can be in a building or outdoors.\u00a0 The map or maps can be on a digital device (arranged in the field kit photo) or printed out.<\/h6> <h6><strong>Data Collection Materials<\/strong>: could include a ruler, watch\/timer, camera phone, journal, note pad, pencils, plastic bags, binoculars or whatever else you come up with.<\/h6> <h6><strong>A Creative\/Personal Addition<\/strong>: could be a towel (for fans of <em>Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy<\/em>), camping gear, a compass, a container for specimen storage, or something innovative for collecting information about animals.<\/h6> <h6><strong>Something to Carry Everything in<\/strong>: could be a backpack, a garbage bag (we've used these), a bucket, or whatever you plan to use.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2a3-1.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\">\n<h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul> <li> <p><b>explain the significance of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?<\/b><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><b>describe impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, including wind and soil erosion?<\/b><\/p> <\/li> <li><strong>outline the key components of a field kit including why they are important?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Hydrosphere Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Climate &amp; Biomes Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Biosphere Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/atmosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Atmosphere\" alt=\"Atmosphere\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/atmosphere\/#\"> Atmosphere <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Hydrosphere\" alt=\"Hydrosphere\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/hydrosphere\/#\"> Hydrosphere <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Lithosphere - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Lithosphere - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Lithosphere - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Climate &amp; Biomes\" alt=\"Climate &amp; Biomes\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/climate-biomes\/#\"> Climate & Biomes <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 2<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>2A: Biosphere<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/biosphere\/products\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Products Information<\/h3> <h5>2A: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"2a3 Lithosphere\" alt=\"2a3 Lithosphere\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26291"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26837,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26291\/revisions\/26837"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}