{"id":26994,"date":"2025-10-03T04:55:01","date_gmt":"2025-10-03T04:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=26994"},"modified":"2025-10-03T23:34:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-03T23:34:09","slug":"magnification","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/magnification\/","title":{"rendered":"3b3 Magnification"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-26994\" data-postid=\"26994\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-26994 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"1mh0189\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_1mh0189 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_3gpg189 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_d7l4189 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_lr0b189  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Magnification            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Making the invisible visible            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_8g3x189 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"8axh189\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_8axh189 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_6di3189 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xuc9189 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3b3.jpg\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_fjp0189 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_oghn189    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Science Discovery Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_oalz189    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Describe the magnification possible with hand lenses and microscopes.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain why light sources and stains are important in microscopy.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Provide a historical example of how microscopes changed the way people viewed the world.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"6%,6%\" data-css_id=\"yolk189\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_yolk189 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_c9w8189 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6tpa189   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">When you think of a biology lab, what is the main piece of equipment you expect to see?<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"50px,50px\" data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"srr9189\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_srr9189 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_cyav189 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_srmi189   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"3il0189\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_3il0189 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_mx1h189 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_n0km189 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microscope-chromosomes-1024x636.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_nk9e189 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lnkb189   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The earliest optical or &#8220;light&#8221; microscopes date back to the seventeenth century, magnifying specimens beyond the range of normal human vision.<\/h5>\n<h5>Early magnification was approximately 10x, or ten times the unaided eye, now microscopes that shine light through specimens can magnify over 1500x and electron microscopes developed in the 20th century magnify 200,000x.\u00a0 Most of the research topics discussed in this course requiring microscopic examination, or &#8220;microscopy,&#8221; would use an optical &#8220;light&#8221; microscope.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ahru189\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ahru189 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_epux189 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_gld1189   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>A bright light shines through a thin tissue of cells and finely ground glasses magnify\u00a0 the image.\u00a0 Both the eye pieces and specialized lenses called &#8220;objectives&#8221; magnify.\u00a0 From this image, if you have a 10x eye piece and a 10x objective, what is the total magnification?<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>answer: 100x<\/em><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_j99h189 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ett8189 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microscope-info-1024x795.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"d9mj189\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_d9mj189 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_4vfo189 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_8nxv189 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/310724736?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_8prs189 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_0srq189   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>The bright light can make specimens look clear and colorless, so pigments or stains are often used to color certain parts of cells and the tissues they form.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"wr75189\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_wr75189 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_2tyr189 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_j2ip189   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Here are a few basics on glass lenses and light sources in microscopes, as well as staining of animal tissues in microscope slide preparation<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_rntr189 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309682959?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"yn25188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_yn25188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_0loc188 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_dw62189 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Art-Science-Vintage-Microscope-Slides-small-795x1024.jpg\" width=\"795\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_pfaq188 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vfti188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Antique microscope slides contain specimens of rare, sometimes extinct, organisms.\u00a0 They were also frequently prepared with chemicals that are now known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents), and are no longer used.\u00a0 Unfortunately the high quality coloring and contrast produced by these stains has not been fully replicated.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"24ef188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_24ef188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_gffq188 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1v8r188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Stains can turn clear cells that are difficult to read into powerful sources of information.\u00a0 Using a medical example, women get regular pap smears to detect possible abnormal growth in the cells lining the cervix.\u00a0 These cells are colorless under bright light until stain is added.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_81ui188\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_36kt188 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5yab188 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/pap-smear-normal-1-1024x650.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Normal Cells 200x\" alt=\"The normally colorless cells are staining shades of pink and purple, which indicates different stages of the cells.  The pink were on the surface being sloughed off, the purple were a bit deeper in the lining tissue.  The are all about the same size with similar size and shape nuclei (dark purple dots).\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Normal Cells 200x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            The normally colorless cells are staining shades of pink and purple, which indicates different stages of the cells.  The pink were on the surface being sloughed off, the purple were a bit deeper in the lining tissue.  The are all about the same size with similar size and shape nuclei (dark purple dots).        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_edvt188 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_oiye188 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/pap-smear-abnormal-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Abnormal Cells 200x\" alt=\"At first this may look similar, but look at the different colors and sizes of the nuclei in the cells.  They are especially different in the bluer cells that are deeper in the cervical lining,  This indicates abnormal growth and could not be easily detected without stains.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Abnormal Cells 200x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            At first this may look similar, but look at the different colors and sizes of the nuclei in the cells.  They are especially different in the bluer cells that are deeper in the cervical lining,  This indicates abnormal growth and could not be easily detected without stains.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"svr1188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_svr1188 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_oml5188 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"25px,25px\" data-anchor=\"skills\" data-css_id=\"tcr8188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-skills tb_tcr8188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_mmq0188 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1t9u188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Microscopy has changed the way we experience the world.<\/h4>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"2d3f188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_2d3f188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_rnlo188 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u7fr188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Following Darwin&#8217;s success aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, a science expedition was planned aboard the H.M.S. Challenger in 1875.\u00a0 The mission in part was to discover whether life existed in the depths of the oceans.\u00a0 Without light, it was thought that life could not exist.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">The ship had a dredging mechanism to pull samples out of deep submersed ocean soils.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_kcg3188 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_aunq188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Challenger-Sketchbook-1-1024x886.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"1xbt188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_1xbt188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_hirq188 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fyyl188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/HMS-Challenger-Slide-1-1024x898.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_98jb188 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7cpe188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">We have been fortunate enough to obtain two microscope slides prepared during this research voyage.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">This sample was taken at 4475 fathoms, about 26,000 feet beneath the ocean surface, from an area of the Pacific Ocean now known as the &#8220;Challenger Deep,&#8221; named after this ship.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"fcp1188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_fcp1188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_1x6j188 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6hzs188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>They are not stained, this is what the researchers saw on their own microscopes aboard the ship.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_411n188\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_syvl188 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_cmhe188 image-center circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/hms-challenger-45x-1-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"45x\" alt=\"At this lower magnification, the colors and clumps suggest the organization of organisms.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    45x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            At this lower magnification, the colors and clumps suggest the organization of organisms.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_s7ly188\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_m722188 image-center circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Challenger-100x-D-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"100x\" alt=\"There are definitely organisms, including algae (green), other protists, and small animals.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    100x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            There are definitely organisms, including algae (green), other protists, and small animals.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_d2vu188 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_w0nz188 image-center rounded circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/hms-challenger-400x-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"400x\" alt=\"A small protist, from the Kingdom that gave rise to animals and remains abundant in aquatic habitats.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    400x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            A small protist, from the Kingdom that gave rise to animals and remains abundant in aquatic habitats.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"q9ky188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_q9ky188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_s7n7188 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_gz53188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Microscopy has played a critical role in the advancement of many fields, including medicine<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_ip0y188 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_ynql188 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309682520?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"6i6g188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_6i6g188 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_kf7v188 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"yu5j188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_yu5j188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_r5xx188 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ba8j188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>You don&#8217;t need an expensive microscope to observe organisms.\u00a0 Here we are using a phone to magnify.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_8818188 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/310996231?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_tn9k188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>We will take a closer look at these pond samples in Guide 7B.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"hlfr188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_hlfr188 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_s54n188 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"d8ts188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_d8ts188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_zmee188 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_95ex188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>In the next section we will use microscopes to examine lichen communities.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"dwub188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_dwub188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_aytg188 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_3z6w188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3b3.jpg\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_3631188 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_z33t188    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yxf5188    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>describe the magnification possible with hand lenses and microscopes?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain why light sources and stains are important in microscopy?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>provide a historical example of how microscopes changed the way people viewed the world?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"adn7188\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_adn7188 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_rf0t188 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_h21n188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_npc3188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Tracking &amp; Satellite Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_k5cc188 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_dfej188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ukb0188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Microscopic Life Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_vj8s188 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_455j188 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_70wg188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Technology Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_hfhc188 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #8c7b5e;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_x63k188   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_6fzc188\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_bs09188 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_r12q188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/photography-video\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Photography &amp; Video\" alt=\"Photography &amp; Video\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/photography-video\/#\">\n                        Photography & Video                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_qwqn188\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_nq35188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Tracking &amp; Satellite\" alt=\"Tracking &amp; Satellite\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\">\n                        Tracking & Satellite                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_orie188\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_reov188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Magnification - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Magnification - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Magnification - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_ei5e188 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1too188 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Microscopic Life\" alt=\"Microscopic Life\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\">\n                        Microscopic Life                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"fx1q891\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_fx1q891 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_4 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_smem891 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_somk891 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dday891   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 3<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_x6ic891\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mr0c891 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hyfg891   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>3B: Technology<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_gfdp891\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_41t1891 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/products\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5ea2891   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Products Information<\/h3>\n<h5>3B: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_5ka6891 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_udyn891 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jptn891   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Science Discovery Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":26946,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26994","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n<h1>Magnification<br\/>Making the invisible visible<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3b3.jpg\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n<h3><strong>Science Discovery Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Describe the magnification possible with hand lenses and microscopes.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain why light sources and stains are important in microscopy.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Provide a historical example of how microscopes changed the way people viewed the world.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">When you think of a biology lab, what is the main piece of equipment you expect to see?<\/h3>\n\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microscope-chromosomes-1024x636.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n<h5>The earliest optical or \"light\" microscopes date back to the seventeenth century, magnifying specimens beyond the range of normal human vision.<\/h5> <h5>Early magnification was approximately 10x, or ten times the unaided eye, now microscopes that shine light through specimens can magnify over 1500x and electron microscopes developed in the 20th century magnify 200,000x.\u00a0 Most of the research topics discussed in this course requiring microscopic examination, or \"microscopy,\" would use an optical \"light\" microscope.<\/h5>\n<h5>A bright light shines through a thin tissue of cells and finely ground glasses magnify\u00a0 the image.\u00a0 Both the eye pieces and specialized lenses called \"objectives\" magnify.\u00a0 From this image, if you have a 10x eye piece and a 10x objective, what is the total magnification?<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p><em>answer: 100x<\/em><\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microscope-info-1024x795.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/310724736[\/embed]\n<h6>The bright light can make specimens look clear and colorless, so pigments or stains are often used to color certain parts of cells and the tissues they form.<\/h6>\n<h5><strong>Here are a few basics on glass lenses and light sources in microscopes, as well as staining of animal tissues in microscope slide preparation<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309682959[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Art-Science-Vintage-Microscope-Slides-small-795x1024.jpg\" width=\"795\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n<h5>Antique microscope slides contain specimens of rare, sometimes extinct, organisms.\u00a0 They were also frequently prepared with chemicals that are now known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents), and are no longer used.\u00a0 Unfortunately the high quality coloring and contrast produced by these stains has not been fully replicated.<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>Stains can turn clear cells that are difficult to read into powerful sources of information.\u00a0 Using a medical example, women get regular pap smears to detect possible abnormal growth in the cells lining the cervix.\u00a0 These cells are colorless under bright light until stain is added.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/pap-smear-normal-1-1024x650.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Normal Cells 200x\" alt=\"The normally colorless cells are staining shades of pink and purple, which indicates different stages of the cells. The pink were on the surface being sloughed off, the purple were a bit deeper in the lining tissue. The are all about the same size with similar size and shape nuclei (dark purple dots).\"> <h3> Normal Cells 200x <\/h3> The normally colorless cells are staining shades of pink and purple, which indicates different stages of the cells. The pink were on the surface being sloughed off, the purple were a bit deeper in the lining tissue. The are all about the same size with similar size and shape nuclei (dark purple dots).\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/pap-smear-abnormal-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Abnormal Cells 200x\" alt=\"At first this may look similar, but look at the different colors and sizes of the nuclei in the cells. They are especially different in the bluer cells that are deeper in the cervical lining, This indicates abnormal growth and could not be easily detected without stains.\"> <h3> Abnormal Cells 200x <\/h3> At first this may look similar, but look at the different colors and sizes of the nuclei in the cells. They are especially different in the bluer cells that are deeper in the cervical lining, This indicates abnormal growth and could not be easily detected without stains.\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Microscopy has changed the way we experience the world.<\/h4>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Following Darwin's success aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, a science expedition was planned aboard the H.M.S. Challenger in 1875.\u00a0 The mission in part was to discover whether life existed in the depths of the oceans.\u00a0 Without light, it was thought that life could not exist.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">The ship had a dredging mechanism to pull samples out of deep submersed ocean soils.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Challenger-Sketchbook-1-1024x886.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/HMS-Challenger-Slide-1-1024x898.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">We have been fortunate enough to obtain two microscope slides prepared during this research voyage.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">This sample was taken at 4475 fathoms, about 26,000 feet beneath the ocean surface, from an area of the Pacific Ocean now known as the \"Challenger Deep,\" named after this ship.<\/h5>\n<h5>They are not stained, this is what the researchers saw on their own microscopes aboard the ship.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/hms-challenger-45x-1-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"45x\" alt=\"At this lower magnification, the colors and clumps suggest the organization of organisms.\"> <h3> 45x <\/h3> At this lower magnification, the colors and clumps suggest the organization of organisms.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Challenger-100x-D-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"100x\" alt=\"There are definitely organisms, including algae (green), other protists, and small animals.\"> <h3> 100x <\/h3> There are definitely organisms, including algae (green), other protists, and small animals.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/hms-challenger-400x-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"400x\" alt=\"A small protist, from the Kingdom that gave rise to animals and remains abundant in aquatic habitats.\"> <h3> 400x <\/h3> A small protist, from the Kingdom that gave rise to animals and remains abundant in aquatic habitats.\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Microscopy has played a critical role in the advancement of many fields, including medicine<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309682520[\/embed]\n<h5><strong>You don't need an expensive microscope to observe organisms.\u00a0 Here we are using a phone to magnify.<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/310996231[\/embed]\n<p>We will take a closer look at these pond samples in Guide 7B.<\/p>\n<h5>In the next section we will use microscopes to examine lichen communities.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3b3.jpg\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\">\n<h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>describe the magnification possible with hand lenses and microscopes?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain why light sources and stains are important in microscopy?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>provide a historical example of how microscopes changed the way people viewed the world?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Tracking &amp; Satellite Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Microscopic Life Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Technology Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/photography-video\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Photography &amp; Video\" alt=\"Photography &amp; Video\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/photography-video\/#\"> Photography & Video <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Tracking &amp; Satellite\" alt=\"Tracking &amp; Satellite\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\"> Tracking & Satellite <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Magnification - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Magnification - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Magnification - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Microscopic Life\" alt=\"Microscopic Life\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\"> Microscopic Life <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 3<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>3B: Technology<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/data\/technology\/products\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Products Information<\/h3> <h5>3B: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"3b3 Magnification\" alt=\"3b3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26994"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27256,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26994\/revisions\/27256"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}