{"id":27314,"date":"2025-10-10T12:55:01","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T12:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=27314"},"modified":"2025-10-10T14:21:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T14:21:15","slug":"magnification","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/magnification\/","title":{"rendered":"3a3 Magnification"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-27314\" data-postid=\"27314\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-27314 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"qyv7435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_qyv7435 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_po6f435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2yti435 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_jazi435  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Magnification            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Making the invisible visible            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_tv71435 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"wux9435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_wux9435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_navy435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2tid435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3b3.jpg\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_djbg435 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vwxa435    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Science Discovery Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_aolm435    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Describe the magnification possible with hand lenses and microscopes.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain why light sources and stains are important in microscopy.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Provide a historical example of how microscopes changed the way people viewed the world.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"6%,6%\" data-css_id=\"8mab435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_8mab435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_lc7d435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dde8435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">When you think of a biology lab, what is the main piece of equipment you expect to see?<\/h4>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"50px,50px\" data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"bkix435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_bkix435 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_qu3b435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ebtv435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ovw4435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ovw4435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_1shd435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mt7i435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microscope-chromosomes-1024x636.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_2ryh435 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qq5d435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The earliest optical or &#8220;light&#8221; microscopes date back to the seventeenth century, magnifying specimens beyond the range of normal human vision.<\/h5>\n<h5>Early magnification was approximately 10x, or ten times the unaided eye, now microscopes that shine light through specimens can magnify over 1500x and electron microscopes developed in the 20th century magnify 200,000x.\u00a0 Most of the research topics discussed in this course requiring microscopic examination, or &#8220;microscopy,&#8221; would use an optical &#8220;light&#8221; microscope.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_0yng435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_zcgc435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_y3ra435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>A bright light shines through a thin tissue of cells and finely ground glasses magnify\u00a0 the image.\u00a0 Both the eye pieces and specialized lenses called &#8220;objectives&#8221; magnify.\u00a0 From this image, if you have a 10x eye piece and a 10x objective, what is the total magnification?<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>answer: 100x<\/em><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_cl7x435 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_p87z435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microscope-info-1024x795.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ge33435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ge33435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_qf49435 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_fipz435 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/310724736?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_2vlc435 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q5e3435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>The bright light can make specimens look clear and colorless, so pigments or stains are often used to color certain parts of cells and the tissues they form.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"8n21435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_8n21435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_wqga435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lm6l435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Here are a few basics on glass lenses and light sources in microscopes, as well as staining of animal tissues in microscope slide preparation<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_0n9i435 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309682959?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"7zrf435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_7zrf435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ftuk435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mcsy435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Art-Science-Vintage-Microscope-Slides-small-795x1024.jpg\" width=\"795\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_akoy435 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_z9zo435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Antique microscope slides contain specimens of rare, sometimes extinct, organisms.\u00a0 They were also frequently prepared with chemicals that are now known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents), and are no longer used.\u00a0 Unfortunately the high quality coloring and contrast produced by these stains has not been fully replicated.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"nacm435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_nacm435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_2x8v435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3vzb435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Stains can turn clear cells that are difficult to read into powerful sources of information.\u00a0 Using a medical example, women get regular pap smears to detect possible abnormal growth in the cells lining the cervix.\u00a0 These cells are colorless under bright light until stain is added.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_ywg5435\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_tnbi435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_4rzb435 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/pap-smear-normal-1-1024x650.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Normal Cells 200x\" alt=\"The normally colorless cells are staining shades of pink and purple, which indicates different stages of the cells.  The pink were on the surface being sloughed off, the purple were a bit deeper in the lining tissue.  The are all about the same size with similar size and shape nuclei (dark purple dots).\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Normal Cells 200x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            The normally colorless cells are staining shades of pink and purple, which indicates different stages of the cells.  The pink were on the surface being sloughed off, the purple were a bit deeper in the lining tissue.  The are all about the same size with similar size and shape nuclei (dark purple dots).        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_fpgu435 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kff9435 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/pap-smear-abnormal-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Abnormal Cells 200x\" alt=\"At first this may look similar, but look at the different colors and sizes of the nuclei in the cells.  They are especially different in the bluer cells that are deeper in the cervical lining,  This indicates abnormal growth and could not be easily detected without stains.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Abnormal Cells 200x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            At first this may look similar, but look at the different colors and sizes of the nuclei in the cells.  They are especially different in the bluer cells that are deeper in the cervical lining,  This indicates abnormal growth and could not be easily detected without stains.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"ji8s435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_ji8s435 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ae8n435 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"skills\" data-css_id=\"nqwc435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-skills tb_nqwc435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_c90w435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ic28435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Microscopy has changed the way we experience the world<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"j5es435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_j5es435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_u45a435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_23hx435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Following Darwin&#8217;s success aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, a science expedition was planned aboard the H.M.S. Challenger in 1875.\u00a0 The mission in part was to discover whether life existed in the depths of the oceans.\u00a0 Without light, it was thought that life could not exist.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">The ship had a dredging mechanism to pull samples out of deep submersed ocean soils.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_qyg6435 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_816c435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Challenger-Sketchbook-1-1024x886.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"obtl435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_obtl435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_oec2435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_rtnu435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/HMS-Challenger-Slide-1-1024x898.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_by8d435 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7gno435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">We have been fortunate enough to obtain two microscope slides prepared during this research voyage.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">This sample was taken at 4475 fathoms, about 26,000 feet beneath the ocean surface, from an area of the Pacific Ocean now known as the &#8220;Challenger Deep,&#8221; named after this ship.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0l9i435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_0l9i435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_t1h2435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9nvs435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>They are not stained, this is what the researchers saw on their own microscopes aboard the ship.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_nxm7435\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_zc6v435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_egfm435 image-center circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/hms-challenger-45x-1-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"45x\" alt=\"At this lower magnification, the colors and clumps suggest the organization of organisms.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    45x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            At this lower magnification, the colors and clumps suggest the organization of organisms.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_z66p435\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_m3cp435 image-center circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Challenger-100x-D-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"100x\" alt=\"There are definitely organisms, including algae (green), other protists, and small animals.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    100x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            There are definitely organisms, including algae (green), other protists, and small animals.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_e8s7435 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1llm435 image-center rounded circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/hms-challenger-400x-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"400x\" alt=\"A small protist, from the Kingdom that gave rise to animals and remains abundant in aquatic habitats.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    400x                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            A small protist, from the Kingdom that gave rise to animals and remains abundant in aquatic habitats.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"4x9j435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_4x9j435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_u4jl435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lty6435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Microscopy has played a critical role in the advancement of many fields, including medicine<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_wupn435 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_6mdt435 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309682520?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"l156435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_l156435 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_rv9k435 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"3n2p435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_3n2p435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4d8m435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4og1435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>You don&#8217;t need an expensive microscope to observe organisms.\u00a0 Here we are using a phone to magnify.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_ra7d435 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/310996231?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_f342435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>We will take a closer look at these pond samples in Module 7.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"t9xu435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_t9xu435 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_p3oc435 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"zhhk435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_zhhk435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_tot6435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6ad6435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>In the next section we will use microscopes to examine lichen communities.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"swv4435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_swv4435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_a2ws435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_rlts435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3b3.jpg\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_wqls435 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cn77435    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ih46435    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>describe the magnification possible with hand lenses and microscopes?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain why light sources and stains are important in microscopy?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>provide a historical example of how microscopes changed the way people viewed the world?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"a2ft435\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_a2ft435 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_eikc435 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7d2u435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5vgj435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Tracking &amp; Satellite Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gpes435 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_6fv0435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_81nn435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Microscopic Life Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_fzrq435 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_xx56435 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_b9i2435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Technology Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_49x1435 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #8c7b5e;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_tnwj435   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_irt6435\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_z1hk435 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_94ie435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/photography-video\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Photography &amp; Video\" alt=\"Photography &amp; Video\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/photography-video\/#\">\n                        Photography & Video                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_xsv9435\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1bsx435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Tracking &amp; Satellite\" alt=\"Tracking &amp; Satellite\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\">\n                        Tracking & Satellite                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_p5dl435\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_movm435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Magnification - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Magnification - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Magnification - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_4m04435 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_h376435 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Microscopic Life\" alt=\"Microscopic Life\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\">\n                        Microscopic Life                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"n6dv970\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_n6dv970 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_jiar970 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ph17971 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8bsw971   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 3<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_ba49970\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_e5o5970 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hcte970   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>Technology<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_e16v970 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_uc70970 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dvo8970   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Science Discovery Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":27276,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27314","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n<h1>Magnification<br\/>Making the invisible visible<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3b3.jpg\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n<h3><strong>Science Discovery Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Describe the magnification possible with hand lenses and microscopes.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain why light sources and stains are important in microscopy.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Provide a historical example of how microscopes changed the way people viewed the world.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">When you think of a biology lab, what is the main piece of equipment you expect to see?<\/h4>\n\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microscope-chromosomes-1024x636.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n<h5>The earliest optical or \"light\" microscopes date back to the seventeenth century, magnifying specimens beyond the range of normal human vision.<\/h5> <h5>Early magnification was approximately 10x, or ten times the unaided eye, now microscopes that shine light through specimens can magnify over 1500x and electron microscopes developed in the 20th century magnify 200,000x.\u00a0 Most of the research topics discussed in this course requiring microscopic examination, or \"microscopy,\" would use an optical \"light\" microscope.<\/h5>\n<h5>A bright light shines through a thin tissue of cells and finely ground glasses magnify\u00a0 the image.\u00a0 Both the eye pieces and specialized lenses called \"objectives\" magnify.\u00a0 From this image, if you have a 10x eye piece and a 10x objective, what is the total magnification?<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p><em>answer: 100x<\/em><\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microscope-info-1024x795.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/310724736[\/embed]\n<h6>The bright light can make specimens look clear and colorless, so pigments or stains are often used to color certain parts of cells and the tissues they form.<\/h6>\n<h5><strong>Here are a few basics on glass lenses and light sources in microscopes, as well as staining of animal tissues in microscope slide preparation<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309682959[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Art-Science-Vintage-Microscope-Slides-small-795x1024.jpg\" width=\"795\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n<h5>Antique microscope slides contain specimens of rare, sometimes extinct, organisms.\u00a0 They were also frequently prepared with chemicals that are now known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents), and are no longer used.\u00a0 Unfortunately the high quality coloring and contrast produced by these stains has not been fully replicated.<\/h5>\n<h5><strong>Stains can turn clear cells that are difficult to read into powerful sources of information.\u00a0 Using a medical example, women get regular pap smears to detect possible abnormal growth in the cells lining the cervix.\u00a0 These cells are colorless under bright light until stain is added.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/pap-smear-normal-1-1024x650.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Normal Cells 200x\" alt=\"The normally colorless cells are staining shades of pink and purple, which indicates different stages of the cells. The pink were on the surface being sloughed off, the purple were a bit deeper in the lining tissue. The are all about the same size with similar size and shape nuclei (dark purple dots).\"> <h3> Normal Cells 200x <\/h3> The normally colorless cells are staining shades of pink and purple, which indicates different stages of the cells. The pink were on the surface being sloughed off, the purple were a bit deeper in the lining tissue. The are all about the same size with similar size and shape nuclei (dark purple dots).\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/pap-smear-abnormal-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Abnormal Cells 200x\" alt=\"At first this may look similar, but look at the different colors and sizes of the nuclei in the cells. They are especially different in the bluer cells that are deeper in the cervical lining, This indicates abnormal growth and could not be easily detected without stains.\"> <h3> Abnormal Cells 200x <\/h3> At first this may look similar, but look at the different colors and sizes of the nuclei in the cells. They are especially different in the bluer cells that are deeper in the cervical lining, This indicates abnormal growth and could not be easily detected without stains.\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Microscopy has changed the way we experience the world<\/h3>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Following Darwin's success aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, a science expedition was planned aboard the H.M.S. Challenger in 1875.\u00a0 The mission in part was to discover whether life existed in the depths of the oceans.\u00a0 Without light, it was thought that life could not exist.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">The ship had a dredging mechanism to pull samples out of deep submersed ocean soils.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Challenger-Sketchbook-1-1024x886.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/HMS-Challenger-Slide-1-1024x898.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">We have been fortunate enough to obtain two microscope slides prepared during this research voyage.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">This sample was taken at 4475 fathoms, about 26,000 feet beneath the ocean surface, from an area of the Pacific Ocean now known as the \"Challenger Deep,\" named after this ship.<\/h5>\n<h5>They are not stained, this is what the researchers saw on their own microscopes aboard the ship.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/hms-challenger-45x-1-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"45x\" alt=\"At this lower magnification, the colors and clumps suggest the organization of organisms.\"> <h3> 45x <\/h3> At this lower magnification, the colors and clumps suggest the organization of organisms.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Challenger-100x-D-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"100x\" alt=\"There are definitely organisms, including algae (green), other protists, and small animals.\"> <h3> 100x <\/h3> There are definitely organisms, including algae (green), other protists, and small animals.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/hms-challenger-400x-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"400x\" alt=\"A small protist, from the Kingdom that gave rise to animals and remains abundant in aquatic habitats.\"> <h3> 400x <\/h3> A small protist, from the Kingdom that gave rise to animals and remains abundant in aquatic habitats.\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Microscopy has played a critical role in the advancement of many fields, including medicine<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309682520[\/embed]\n<h5><strong>You don't need an expensive microscope to observe organisms.\u00a0 Here we are using a phone to magnify.<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/310996231[\/embed]\n<p>We will take a closer look at these pond samples in Module 7.<\/p>\n<h5>In the next section we will use microscopes to examine lichen communities.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/3b3.jpg\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\">\n<h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>describe the magnification possible with hand lenses and microscopes?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain why light sources and stains are important in microscopy?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>provide a historical example of how microscopes changed the way people viewed the world?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Tracking &amp; Satellite Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Microscopic Life Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Technology Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/photography-video\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Photography &amp; Video\" alt=\"Photography &amp; Video\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/photography-video\/#\"> Photography & Video <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Tracking &amp; Satellite\" alt=\"Tracking &amp; Satellite\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/tracking-satellite\/#\"> Tracking & Satellite <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Magnification - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Magnification - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Magnification - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Microscopic Life\" alt=\"Microscopic Life\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/microscopic-life\/#\"> Microscopic Life <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 3<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/technology\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>Technology<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"3a3 Magnification\" alt=\"3a3 Magnification\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27314"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27518,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27314\/revisions\/27518"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}