{"id":27330,"date":"2025-10-10T12:59:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T12:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=27330"},"modified":"2025-10-10T17:06:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T17:06:11","slug":"leaves","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/leaves\/","title":{"rendered":"3b2 Leaves"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-27330\" data-postid=\"27330\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-27330 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"x36f876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_x36f876 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_63xg876 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_p6v5876 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_a23r876  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Leaves            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Photosynthesis &amp; Gas Exchange            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_gdly876 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"g7u5876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_g7u5876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_4qb3876 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kgi3876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a2.jpg\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ijst876 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ju47876    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Leaves Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_djta876    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Describe plant structures that we consume, including the vegetables developed from <em style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Brassica oleracea<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Provide the characteristics of leaves, including the structures involved in gas exchange and photosynthesis.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"5rkg876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_5rkg876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_69tg876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_e8tx876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Leaves are also part of this week&#8217;s lab.\u00a0 It may help to see what you will be making for this week&#8217;s lab media piece as you go through this webpage.\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module buttons -->\n<div  class=\"module module-buttons tb_c5be876 buttons-horizontal solid  large circle\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"module-buttons-item tf_in_flx\">\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plant-structures\/#\" class=\"ui builder_button tf_in_flx orange\" >\n                                                Plant Structures Lab                                        <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<!-- \/module buttons -->\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"qoby876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_qoby876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_zumc876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zaul876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Our species must eat other organisms to survive, and that includes eating various parts of plants.\u00a0 This section begins with an overview of vegetables and than focuses in on leaves.\u00a0 The next section examines stems &amp; roots.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"lh8s876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_lh8s876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ig2x876 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_2k39876\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3 tb_aue3876 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_jzrw876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/vegnotaveg-1024x675.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"675\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_bijr876 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_iq84876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>From the last guide, which of the foods in this photo are not vegetables?<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_fux8876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <pre>answer: tomatoes &amp; beans <br \/>(fruit)<\/pre>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"hi9b876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_hi9b876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_zx0t876 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_6pmu876\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_atm0876 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_iieu876 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tomato-b-714x1024.jpg\" width=\"714\" height=\"450\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_r8cs876 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_32g4876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Vegetables are derived from specific leaves, stems, or roots that have been bred over generations to improve size, taste, and nutrient quality.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_al9r876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/veg-2-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"nhvl876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_nhvl876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_lihu876 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_oal1876\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_spk2876 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_dt21876 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/leaf-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Leaf\" alt=\"Leaf vegetables include lettuce, Swiss chard, and spinach.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Leaf                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Leaf vegetables include lettuce, Swiss chard, and spinach.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_t4qg876\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_zyqk876 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/stem-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Stem\" alt=\"Stem vegetables include asparagus, rhubarb, and potato.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Stem                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Stem vegetables include asparagus, rhubarb, and potato.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_78sb876 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_b9vo876 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/root-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Root\" alt=\"Root vegetables include carrots, radishes, and yams.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Root                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Root vegetables include carrots, radishes, and yams.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_x115876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ht3x876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_w5oj876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Brassica<\/em> vegetables<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"po6y876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_po6y876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ggj2876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kwkk876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Several vegetables have been developed from a single species: <strong><em>Brassica oleraceae<\/em><\/strong>, the wild cabbage.\u00a0 Selective breeding of parent plants with desired traits over many generations led to larger leaves, or buds, or stems.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_hn6t876 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2yjp876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mustard-1-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"qorc876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_qorc876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_gi4z876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_v8ni876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>This video compares some of the <em>Brassica oleracea<\/em> vegetables.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_j7o7876 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430506804?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"rxmz876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_rxmz876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_yunr876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cra2876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Varieties bred from the wild cabbage species include: cabbage (leaf), kale (leaf), broccoli (flower buds), cauliflower (flower buds), and Brussels sprouts (axial buds).<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_aw91876 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/363979520?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"f6g4876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_f6g4876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_wgae876 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_l4px876\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_j2dl876 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_anm8876 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brassica-b-1024x771.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_2ni8876 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_edak876 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brassica-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"v4t0876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_v4t0876 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_nhib876 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_fskp876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_sv9p876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7awh876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Leaves<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"njew876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_njew876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_xusp876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_uk9r876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>From your background knowledge, what process (besides transpiration) typically occurs within leaves?<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"2o9d876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_2o9d876 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_7zrk876 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ouxa876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ouxa876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ck62876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_055l876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Photosynthesis<\/strong> is carried out by most producers, and respiration is carried out in some form by all organisms.\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight energy into sugar molecular energy.\u00a0 When organisms (including plants themselves) break down these sugars, the energy is\u00a0 converted to heat.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Energy is flowing through the system<\/strong>: entering as sunlight, traveling as sugar, and being lost as heat.<\/h6>\n<pre>\u00a0<\/pre>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_wmae876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-1024x318.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"318\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"fcwr876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_fcwr876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_spuu876 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_xdci876 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430875035?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_c49w876 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2xak876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">This video illustrates the movement of molecules in a plant related to the process of photosynthesis.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"v8wd876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_v8wd876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_m9kn876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_tocu876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Plants are not the only organisms carrying out photosynthesis.\u00a0 What are two other types of organisms that can photosynthesize?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">We will have more on photosynthesis in upcoming Guides, starting with 5A.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_ki1p876 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_e3hg876 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430606283?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"1teq876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_1teq876 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_bmf7876 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"wrcc876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_wrcc876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_uvsm876 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_8uho876 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/vegchloroplasts-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_qp30876 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_c554876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>The common green color of leaf vegetables is due to <strong>chlorophyll<\/strong> pigments that absorb light for photosynthesis.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Chlorophyll is found in <strong>chloroplasts<\/strong>, they are the green spheres within the cells in this photo (400x magnification).<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"4dxn876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_4dxn876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_q1i6876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_m4nj876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Plant cells have distinctive structures and functions.\u00a0 This video provides an overview of common plant cells found in leaves, stems, and roots.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_80q9876 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430877886?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"c3tw876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_c3tw876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_l6uf876 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_hfo3876 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430609284?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_5ohj876 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_21u9876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Leaves are comprised or tissues, groups of cells that have related functions.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0aux876\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0aux876 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_qowg876 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_un5p876   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>This poster shows the microscopic views that match the model in the previous video.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_j9yl876 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_jqcs876 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430981631?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"9ng7875\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_9ng7875 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_6367875 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_2ftd875 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/467164234?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_ryys875 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_19eq875   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">These <em>Tradescantia<\/em> plants are commonly used as houseplants, and they have distinctive characteristics.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"kamp875\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_kamp875 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_t0bx875 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8rgg875   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">What structures are visible on the bottom of these <em>Tradescantia<\/em> leaves? Thinking about transpiration and photosynthesis, what gas leaves in transpiration?\u00a0 What gas enters for photosynthesis?\u00a0 What gas leaves?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>A. water vapor; carbon dioxide; oxygen<\/em><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_zh94875 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_jsx4875 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/467192138?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"ygws875\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_ygws875 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4bg0875 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bt6l875   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The next section moves to stems and roots, as well as ways plants defend themselves.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"bhuf875\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_bhuf875 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_n3ec875 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_87vy875 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a2.jpg\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_u3n1875 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_l00u875    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vzyr875    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>describe plant structures that we consume, including the vegetables developed from <em style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Brassica oleracea?<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>provide the characteristics of leaves, including the structures involved in gas exchange and photosynthesis?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ezyn875\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ezyn875 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ehr7875 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_tnwm875 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-classification\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_orzh875   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Plant Classification Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gpuv875 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ucff875 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wtkn875   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Stems &amp; Roots Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_dvvd875 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_5rp6875 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_g5k5875   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Plants Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_4bw2875 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #228b22;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2asl875   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_8lny875\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_3zm4875 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_smte875 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-classification\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Plant Classification\" alt=\"Plant Classification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-classification\/#\">\n                        Plant Classification                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_hrr7875\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_pmu6875 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Leaves - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Leaves - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Leaves - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_dbs2875\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_0hvx875 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Stems &amp; Roots\" alt=\"Stems &amp; Roots\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\">\n                        Stems & Roots                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_0ri3875 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_gxty875 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/biotas.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-reproduction\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Plant Reproduction\" alt=\"Plant Reproduction\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/biotas.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-reproduction\/#\">\n                        Plant Reproduction                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"eeel941\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_eeel941 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_ue1b941 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_rujo941 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_p3cl941   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 3<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_r4iz941\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_tq2f941 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5qvm941   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>Plants<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_asls941 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_61t2941 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kmtk941   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leaves Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":27282,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27330","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<h1>Leaves<br\/>Photosynthesis & Gas Exchange<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a2.jpg\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<h3><strong>Leaves Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Describe plant structures that we consume, including the vegetables developed from <em style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Brassica oleracea<\/em>.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Provide the characteristics of leaves, including the structures involved in gas exchange and photosynthesis.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Leaves are also part of this week's lab.\u00a0 It may help to see what you will be making for this week's lab media piece as you go through this webpage.\u00a0<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plant-structures\/#\" > Plant Structures Lab <\/a>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Our species must eat other organisms to survive, and that includes eating various parts of plants.\u00a0 This section begins with an overview of vegetables and than focuses in on leaves.\u00a0 The next section examines stems &amp; roots.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/vegnotaveg-1024x675.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"675\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<p>From the last guide, which of the foods in this photo are not vegetables?<\/p>\n<pre>answer: tomatoes &amp; beans <br \/>(fruit)<\/pre>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tomato-b-714x1024.jpg\" width=\"714\" height=\"450\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Vegetables are derived from specific leaves, stems, or roots that have been bred over generations to improve size, taste, and nutrient quality.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/veg-2-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/leaf-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Leaf\" alt=\"Leaf vegetables include lettuce, Swiss chard, and spinach.\"> <h3> Leaf <\/h3> Leaf vegetables include lettuce, Swiss chard, and spinach.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/stem-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Stem\" alt=\"Stem vegetables include asparagus, rhubarb, and potato.\"> <h3> Stem <\/h3> Stem vegetables include asparagus, rhubarb, and potato.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/root-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Root\" alt=\"Root vegetables include carrots, radishes, and yams.\"> <h3> Root <\/h3> Root vegetables include carrots, radishes, and yams.\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Brassica<\/em> vegetables<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Several vegetables have been developed from a single species: <strong><em>Brassica oleraceae<\/em><\/strong>, the wild cabbage.\u00a0 Selective breeding of parent plants with desired traits over many generations led to larger leaves, or buds, or stems.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mustard-1-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>This video compares some of the <em>Brassica oleracea<\/em> vegetables.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430506804[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Varieties bred from the wild cabbage species include: cabbage (leaf), kale (leaf), broccoli (flower buds), cauliflower (flower buds), and Brussels sprouts (axial buds).<\/strong><\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/363979520[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brassica-b-1024x771.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brassica-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Leaves<\/h2>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>From your background knowledge, what process (besides transpiration) typically occurs within leaves?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Photosynthesis<\/strong> is carried out by most producers, and respiration is carried out in some form by all organisms.\u00a0<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight energy into sugar molecular energy.\u00a0 When organisms (including plants themselves) break down these sugars, the energy is\u00a0 converted to heat.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Energy is flowing through the system<\/strong>: entering as sunlight, traveling as sugar, and being lost as heat.<\/h6> <pre>\u00a0<\/pre>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-1024x318.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"318\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430875035[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">This video illustrates the movement of molecules in a plant related to the process of photosynthesis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Plants are not the only organisms carrying out photosynthesis.\u00a0 What are two other types of organisms that can photosynthesize?<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: right;\">We will have more on photosynthesis in upcoming Guides, starting with 5A.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430606283[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/vegchloroplasts-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<p>The common green color of leaf vegetables is due to <strong>chlorophyll<\/strong> pigments that absorb light for photosynthesis.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Chlorophyll is found in <strong>chloroplasts<\/strong>, they are the green spheres within the cells in this photo (400x magnification).<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Plant cells have distinctive structures and functions.\u00a0 This video provides an overview of common plant cells found in leaves, stems, and roots.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430877886[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430609284[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Leaves are comprised or tissues, groups of cells that have related functions.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>This poster shows the microscopic views that match the model in the previous video.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430981631[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/467164234[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">These <em>Tradescantia<\/em> plants are commonly used as houseplants, and they have distinctive characteristics.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">What structures are visible on the bottom of these <em>Tradescantia<\/em> leaves? Thinking about transpiration and photosynthesis, what gas leaves in transpiration?\u00a0 What gas enters for photosynthesis?\u00a0 What gas leaves?<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>A. water vapor; carbon dioxide; oxygen<\/em><\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/467192138[\/embed]\n<h5>The next section moves to stems and roots, as well as ways plants defend themselves.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a2.jpg\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\">\n<h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>describe plant structures that we consume, including the vegetables developed from <em style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Brassica oleracea?<\/em><\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>provide the characteristics of leaves, including the structures involved in gas exchange and photosynthesis?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-classification\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Plant Classification Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Stems &amp; Roots Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Plants Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-classification\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Plant Classification\" alt=\"Plant Classification\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-classification\/#\"> Plant Classification <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Leaves - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Leaves - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Leaves - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Stems &amp; Roots\" alt=\"Stems &amp; Roots\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\"> Stems & Roots <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/biotas.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-reproduction\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Plant Reproduction\" alt=\"Plant Reproduction\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/biotas.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/plant-reproduction\/#\"> Plant Reproduction <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 3<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/classification\/plants\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>Plants<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"3b2 Leaves\" alt=\"3b2 Leaves\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27330"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27592,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27330\/revisions\/27592"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}