{"id":27379,"date":"2025-10-10T13:11:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T13:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=27379"},"modified":"2025-10-10T18:25:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T18:25:00","slug":"stems-roots","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/stems-roots\/","title":{"rendered":"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-27379\" data-postid=\"27379\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-27379 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"66l7642\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_66l7642 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_5wam642 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_gvtw642 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_fdzp642  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Stems &amp; Roots            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Structure &amp; Transport            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xjv1642 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"cywc642\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_cywc642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_j7yz642 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_eftf642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a3.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_a782642 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5yjp642    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Stems &amp; Roots Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pjug642    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Describe the visible and microscopic structures of stems\u00a0 as well as their corresponding functions.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Identify root structures and explain why re-potting a plant can negatively impact its health.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain how herbs and other plants defend themselves against herbivores.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_luaf642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_cxwh642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u4vc642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Often we focus on leaves and pay less attention to stems and even less to roots.\u00a0 It makes sense considering that people mow lawns, rake leaves, and track seasons away from the equator based on leaf changes.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>This section explores the significance of stems and roots.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_7ytr642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4645642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nc38642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stem<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_94g9642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_nu9j642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3dlf642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Stems support plants and transport nutrients.\u00a0 This video provides an overview of stems.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_38sq642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430581398?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_q9zo642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_bufm642 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_wk5j642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430982660?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_dyud642 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9v20642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Monocot and dicot stems have different arrangements of vessel bundles.\u00a0 The vessels inside serve the same basic functions.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_hn56642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_bhx5642 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_j39r642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/467193710?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_93q1642 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_m97v642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Here are Corn and alfalfa stems under the microscope.\u00a0 From your knowledge of plant classification and looking at the specimens under the microscope, which is a monocot, and which is a dicot?<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_sl1p642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_lsvr642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_73nx642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Vascular bundles are tissues (groups of cells) with particular functions.\u00a0 What are the oles of phloem and xylem?<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_bycm642 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_gwf7642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/467195707?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_whod642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_5wmk642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8e9o642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Roots<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_7v5t642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_ovkp642 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_m1t3642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430578709?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_l4ce642 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jeja642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Roots stabilize plants, store sugars, and draw water and nutrients out of soils.\u00a0 This video provides an overview of roots.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_g3ns642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_nocv642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yruj642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Sometimes when you repot or transplant a plant, it doesn&#8217;t\u00a0start growing again for a while afterwards.\u00a0 This video links that phenomenon to the root model.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_k3sv642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/458714771?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_yjy1642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_feso642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8v95642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">This poster compares and contrasts monocot and dicot root tissues.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_1h4b642 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_4kol642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430882045?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_nesr642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_6mww642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zpap642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">This video combines a model and a microscopic view of a root tip, showing a longitudinal (length-wise) cut and cells undergoing mitosis to produce new cells.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_3yq5642 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_bukm642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/467194294?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_hnvc642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_9wkw642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8zrv642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Stem or root?\u00a0 Not all vegetables called &#8220;potatoes&#8221; are from the same part of plants.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_z15m642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430162642?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_y8u7642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_8c9h642 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_rc40642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/potato-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_5g5g642\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7ct2642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p><strong>Potatoes<\/strong> are modified stems and <strong>sweet potatoes<\/strong> are modified roots of a different species.\u00a0 Generally roots have more nutrients than stems.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_3ly7642 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1noe642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/sweet-1024x678.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_p1pu642 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_vful642 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_dhuf642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_u55g642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2xdn642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Herbs<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_qua3642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_0zzj642 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_e4pw642\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_aec9642 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_e2sh642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_625754105-1.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_d4ll642 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_fn6w642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p><strong>&#8220;Herb&#8221;<\/strong> has two meanings.\u00a0 The botanical meaning is a small non-woody plant.\u00a0 The culinary meaning is a plant that is typically used in small quantities to enhance food flavor.\u00a0 It could be a small amount of leaf, stem, root, or seed.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_7so5642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_8eiw642 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_znur642\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_jkzh642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bbuq642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Culinary Herbs are often leaves, but can be other plant structures.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3 tb_egkv642 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_651o642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/herbs-b-1024x428.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"428\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_n8u2642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_d2ow642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2elm642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>This video discusses how thyme plants use chemicals and small hair-like (trichome) mechanical structures to repel potential pests.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_6567642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/363976784?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_8lva642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ns15642 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_p3ek642\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3 tb_9er7642 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_aqc7642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/her-defenses-1024x563.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"563\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_ztjq642 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qavr642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Herbs and other plants have diverse defenses against potential herbivores.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_aoge642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_1737642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_i6jt642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">Rosemary is used as a culinary herb and what we perceive as pleasant smell and taste is a repellant to many insect species.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_fqz2642 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_h4ez642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/365922490?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_9c36642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_wc31642 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_ztco642 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/367616365?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_aqgd642 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_sy76642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>We often get asked questions about using herbs for medicinal purposes.\u00a0 Research funds typically go to treating potentially dangerous diseases, and more limited funding goes towards augmenting health.\u00a0 As a result, many uses of herbs have not been substantiated with human clinical trials.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_sdkn642 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_azyi642 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"zxz5642\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_zxz5642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_8eua642 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_0o0c642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Plants have specific structures used in reproduction.\u00a0 Both asexual and sexual plant reproduction are shown in the next section.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"lgmn642\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_lgmn642 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_f804642 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_nbu9642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a3.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ln8s642 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jbfu642    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7fyd642    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>describe the visible and microscopic structures of stems\u00a0 as well as their corresponding functions?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>identify root structures and explain why re-potting a plant can negatively impact its health?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain how herbs and other plants defend themselves against herbivores?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ko1v642\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ko1v642 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gfmg642 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_q4ha642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_39lk642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Leaves Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_3f4r642 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5ihg642 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/reproduction\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_85yn642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Reproduction Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_iy8i641 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_nkbo641 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xcv9642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Plants Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_65p7642 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #228b22;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cea7642   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_q75t641\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_da7x642 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_h421642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/classification\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Classification\" alt=\"Classification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/classification\/#\">\n                        Classification                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_mxdm642\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_g795642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Leaves\" alt=\"Leaves\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\">\n                        Leaves                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_mq64642\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_lnta642 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Stems &amp; Roots - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Stems &amp; Roots - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Stems & Roots - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_d422641 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_drus641 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/reproduction\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Reproduction\" alt=\"Reproduction\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/reproduction\/#\">\n                        Reproduction                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"o6lq190\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_o6lq190 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_4 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_7gut190 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kpkv190 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_12lu190   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 4<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_hcsv190\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ee4l190 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ejj4190   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>4A: Plants<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_vlw8190\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_trl8190 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/products\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_taou190   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Products Information<\/h3>\n<h5>4A: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_mtnb190 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_qg47190 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dy4n190   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stems &amp; Roots Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":27356,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27379","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<h1>Stems & Roots<br\/>Structure & Transport<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a3.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<h3><strong>Stems &amp; Roots Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Describe the visible and microscopic structures of stems\u00a0 as well as their corresponding functions.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Identify root structures and explain why re-potting a plant can negatively impact its health.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain how herbs and other plants defend themselves against herbivores.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Often we focus on leaves and pay less attention to stems and even less to roots.\u00a0 It makes sense considering that people mow lawns, rake leaves, and track seasons away from the equator based on leaf changes.<\/strong><\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>This section explores the significance of stems and roots.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stem<\/h2>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Stems support plants and transport nutrients.\u00a0 This video provides an overview of stems.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430581398[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430982660[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Monocot and dicot stems have different arrangements of vessel bundles.\u00a0 The vessels inside serve the same basic functions.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/467193710[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Here are Corn and alfalfa stems under the microscope.\u00a0 From your knowledge of plant classification and looking at the specimens under the microscope, which is a monocot, and which is a dicot?<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Vascular bundles are tissues (groups of cells) with particular functions.\u00a0 What are the oles of phloem and xylem?<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/467195707[\/embed]\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Roots<\/h2>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430578709[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Roots stabilize plants, store sugars, and draw water and nutrients out of soils.\u00a0 This video provides an overview of roots.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Sometimes when you repot or transplant a plant, it doesn't\u00a0start growing again for a while afterwards.\u00a0 This video links that phenomenon to the root model.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/458714771[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">This poster compares and contrasts monocot and dicot root tissues.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430882045[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">This video combines a model and a microscopic view of a root tip, showing a longitudinal (length-wise) cut and cells undergoing mitosis to produce new cells.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/467194294[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Stem or root?\u00a0 Not all vegetables called \"potatoes\" are from the same part of plants.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430162642[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/potato-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<p><strong>Potatoes<\/strong> are modified stems and <strong>sweet potatoes<\/strong> are modified roots of a different species.\u00a0 Generally roots have more nutrients than stems.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/sweet-1024x678.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Herbs<\/h2>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_625754105-1.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<p><strong>\"Herb\"<\/strong> has two meanings.\u00a0 The botanical meaning is a small non-woody plant.\u00a0 The culinary meaning is a plant that is typically used in small quantities to enhance food flavor.\u00a0 It could be a small amount of leaf, stem, root, or seed.<\/p>\n<p>Culinary Herbs are often leaves, but can be other plant structures.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/herbs-b-1024x428.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"428\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<h5><strong>This video discusses how thyme plants use chemicals and small hair-like (trichome) mechanical structures to repel potential pests.<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/363976784[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/her-defenses-1024x563.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"563\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<p>Herbs and other plants have diverse defenses against potential herbivores.<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">Rosemary is used as a culinary herb and what we perceive as pleasant smell and taste is a repellant to many insect species.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/365922490[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/367616365[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>We often get asked questions about using herbs for medicinal purposes.\u00a0 Research funds typically go to treating potentially dangerous diseases, and more limited funding goes towards augmenting health.\u00a0 As a result, many uses of herbs have not been substantiated with human clinical trials.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h5>Plants have specific structures used in reproduction.\u00a0 Both asexual and sexual plant reproduction are shown in the next section.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a3.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\">\n<h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>describe the visible and microscopic structures of stems\u00a0 as well as their corresponding functions?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>identify root structures and explain why re-potting a plant can negatively impact its health?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain how herbs and other plants defend themselves against herbivores?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Leaves Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/reproduction\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Reproduction Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Plants Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/classification\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Classification\" alt=\"Classification\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/classification\/#\"> Classification <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Leaves\" alt=\"Leaves\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\"> Leaves <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Stems &amp; Roots - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Stems &amp; Roots - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Stems & Roots - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/reproduction\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Reproduction\" alt=\"Reproduction\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/reproduction\/#\"> Reproduction <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 4<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>4A: Plants<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/products\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Products Information<\/h3> <h5>4A: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\" alt=\"4a3 Stems &#038; Roots\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27379"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27661,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27379\/revisions\/27661"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}