{"id":27384,"date":"2025-10-10T13:12:56","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T13:12:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=27384"},"modified":"2025-10-10T18:24:56","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T18:24:56","slug":"reproduction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/reproduction\/","title":{"rendered":"4a4 Reproduction"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-27384\" data-postid=\"27384\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-27384 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"o033533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_o033533 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ncpw533 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_emy3533 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_q9hh533  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Reproduction            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Asexual &amp; Sexual            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_veko533 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"bphq533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_bphq533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_2mgn533 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_0wwc533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a4.jpg\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_g0y5533 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nwzi533    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Reproduction Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zgex533    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Describe asexual reproduction and provide examples of plants that can reproduce in this manner.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Label various flower structures and functions, relating flower structures to fruits and seeds.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>List plants that utilize wind pollinations and contrast wind pollinated flowers with animal pollinated flowers.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"3ca0533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_3ca0533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_w15p533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_k2jf533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Reproduction produces the next generation of a species.\u00a0 In animals, we are primarily only able to reproduce sexually.\u00a0 Many plants can reproduce both sexually (with eggs and pollen) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">and<\/span> asexually.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"w7pj533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_w7pj533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_13hp533 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_v6ta533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_1396509965.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_1ge7533 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bz7j533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">This is a stem cutting of a Hoya plant that we met early as an example of an epiphyte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">It was placed in a glass of water and is now sprouting roots.\u00a0 This stem can become a new plant that is genetically identical to the plant the stem came from.\u00a0 In a sense, this is a genetic clone.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"ci88533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_ci88533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_s228533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8s6n533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Here the same process is duplicated with a stem from a rosemary plant.\u00a0 A bit of rooting hormone purchased from a local nursery is speeding up production of roots from the cut stem.\u00a0 This is asexual reproduction because it did not involve reproductive structures, and it did not involve different organisms.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_1v6g533 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ehu1533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_1127593892.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"k791533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_k791533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_82ch533 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_wdo1533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_1756064006.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1198\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_y9v6533 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wzmd533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Spider plants, a common house plant often produce small plantlets asexually.\u00a0 This is the spider plant&#8217;s most common form of reproduction, although it can also reproduce sexually with flowers.\u00a0 The benefit of asexual reproduction is the ease: no need for pollen from one plant to get to the eggs of another.\u00a0 Also, if the parent plant survived in the microhabitat, its clones likely will too.\u00a0 But there are two big downsides as well.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"28v4533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_28v4533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_jc7y533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ny6m533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">The plantlets may complete with each other and the parent plant.\u00a0 Also, all of the plants are similar genetically.\u00a0 Sexual production increases variation as different genetic compositions from from sperm and eggs.\u00a0 A plant virus could wipe out all of these individuals at once.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_9czo533 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_hthx533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_1580045401.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1410\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"7qkt533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_7qkt533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_nn02533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wczd533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Strawberries have runners, also called stolons.\u00a0 These horizontal stems grow along the ground and asexually produce offspring.\u00a0 These clones are genetically identical to the parent plant.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">From the video, how can these strawberry plants stabilize soil?<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 1.2em; letter-spacing: -0.03em;\">There is more on strawberry planting in this Guide&#8217;s resource page.<\/span><\/em><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module buttons -->\n<div  class=\"module module-buttons tb_pcsg533 buttons-horizontal solid  large circle\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"module-buttons-item tf_in_flx\">\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/resources\/#\" class=\"ui builder_button tf_in_flx yellow\" >\n                                                Resources                                        <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<!-- \/module buttons -->\n<!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_flxc533 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/364198955?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"ggpt533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_ggpt533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_mjqs533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_m3v9533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Strawberry plants like this wild strawberry can also reproduce sexually with insect-pollinated flowers that produce fruit with seeds.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Although some plants like moss and ferns sexually reproduce with spores and gymnosperms develop seeds within cones; most plants are angiosperms that reproduce sexually with flowers.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_248k533 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_k6wm533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_30590989.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1491\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"5gl8533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_5gl8533 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_mjg6533 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_itq2533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_0c75533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wfm1533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Flowers<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"hxfa533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_hxfa533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_cv30533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3lwu533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p><strong>We will begin with an overview of flowers and why they are significant.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_o570533 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430116203?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ydlh533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ydlh533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_z7qq533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5m4q533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Although flowers vary significantly in structure, many share the features in this video.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_6pmb533 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430493532?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"uxiy533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_uxiy533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_5hg0533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wmpl533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Lilies are often used to study flower structures because they are complete or &#8220;perfect&#8221; flowers with all of the basic parts.\u00a0 Lilies are monocot angiosperms, with three petals and three similarly colored sepals.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_r6o3533 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430495765?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_ebhk533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_7v8c533 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_j27n533\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_ouwm533 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_or06533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/flowers-anatomy-1024x807.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"807\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_29fl533 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8nzo533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Stamens are the &#8220;male&#8221; reproductive structures of the flower that produce the pollen grains. Each stamen consists of a filament and an anther. The filament is a stalk attached to the anther. The anther is where pollen grains are located. Pollen is the equivalent to sperm in human males.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_9050533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_g6de533 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_vgsk533\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_ndhv533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kmyn533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>The pistil (also called the carpel) is the &#8220;female&#8221; reproductive structure of the flower and is made up of three parts. The stigma is where the pollen grains land. The style is below the stigma and connects it to the ovary. The ovary forms the bottom part of the pistil. Inside the ovary are the ovules and inside the ovules are the eggs which, after fertilization, will result in the ovules developing into seeds. At the same time the ovary will develop into a fruit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_57ul533 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xsrm533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/flower-fruit-1024x635.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"635\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"bmdc533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_bmdc533 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_qzfz533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1j6t533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h4>To review; after fertilization (pollination), the ovary of the flower becomes the _____ and the ovules become the _____.<\/h4>\n<pre>Answers: fruit; seeds<\/pre>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"nmek533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_nmek533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_62mw533 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_5crf533 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430159278?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_le8j533 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kbmm533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Models are often used to assist is visualizing small structures.\u00a0 This mustard readily shows all of the basic flower parts.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ewzj533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ewzj533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_c5ge533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jh65533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Variations in flower structures are often used to identify flowers in the field.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Review your understanding of flower structures with this video.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_26xm533 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_gzkr533 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/360846559?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"db2w533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_db2w533 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_5mv4533 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"81wk533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_81wk533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_l8h9533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_rgh8533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Although many significant crops like soybeans and squash are pollinated by animals, grass plants are wind pollinated.\u00a0 Grasses include corn, wheat and rice.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"zu92533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_zu92533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_letu533 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_fita533 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430156902?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_qdwx533 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_f55b533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Grass Flowers<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Grass plants are not pollinated by animals, so they do not need large, colorful, odorous, or nectar-filled\u00a0 flowers.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"v8dx533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_v8dx533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_qpld533 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_yalv533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/corn-seed-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_91dz533 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_27pq533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>In a corn plant, a cluster of male flowers is called a tassel. The male flowers produce pollen which is carried by the wind to female flowers. Pollen falls onto the silks of female flowers, which develop into individual corn kernels. Typically the male and female flowers on a single plant mature at different times, to prevent self-pollination.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"oeb4533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_oeb4533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_2zs5533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_svuj533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>We will have more on flowers, including different flower types matched with pollinators in Module 9.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"u3vz533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_u3vz533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_othl533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cc03533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>This is the end of Guide 4A.\u00a0 The next step is to take the quiz on Canvas and upload your Pressed Leaf.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"n61w533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_n61w533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_4f7q533 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fm8z533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a4.jpg\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_hl98533 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q2pz533    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_d2cx533    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>describe asexual reproduction and provide examples of plants that can reproduce in this manner?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>label various flower structures and functions, relating flower structures to fruits and seeds?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>list plants that utilize wind pollinations and contrast wind pollinated flowers with animal pollinated flowers?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"5ure533\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_5ure533 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_3uct533 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mmzd533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6ry5533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Stems &amp; Roots Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_zejb533 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_eh3l533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/products\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_68st533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Products Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_29pn533 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4d09533 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9ntd533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Plants Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_ibum533 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #228b22;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_e2fc533   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_5rc5533\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_2rvi533 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_i46v533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/classification\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Classification\" alt=\"Classification\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/classification\/#\">\n                        Classification                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_oimb533\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_hnlq533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Leaves\" alt=\"Leaves\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\">\n                        Leaves                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_a8ww533\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ty1k533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Stems &amp; Roots\" alt=\"Stems &amp; Roots\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\">\n                        Stems & Roots                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_l2ah533 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_orrj533 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Reproduction - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Reproduction - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Reproduction - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"e1vs206\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_e1vs206 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_4 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_vw10206 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_jxu4206 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ry27206   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 4<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_0s0b206\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_luit206 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_gki0206   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>4A: Plants<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_cvg3206\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_f5g3206 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/products\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_p4tj206   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Products Information<\/h3>\n<h5>4A: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_5t9u206 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_m479206 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t5rk206   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reproduction Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":27356,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27384","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<h1>Reproduction<br\/>Asexual & Sexual<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a4.jpg\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<h3><strong>Reproduction Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li> <p><strong>Describe asexual reproduction and provide examples of plants that can reproduce in this manner.<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><strong>Label various flower structures and functions, relating flower structures to fruits and seeds.<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><strong>List plants that utilize wind pollinations and contrast wind pollinated flowers with animal pollinated flowers.<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Reproduction produces the next generation of a species.\u00a0 In animals, we are primarily only able to reproduce sexually.\u00a0 Many plants can reproduce both sexually (with eggs and pollen) and asexually.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_1396509965.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">This is a stem cutting of a Hoya plant that we met early as an example of an epiphyte.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\">It was placed in a glass of water and is now sprouting roots.\u00a0 This stem can become a new plant that is genetically identical to the plant the stem came from.\u00a0 In a sense, this is a genetic clone.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Here the same process is duplicated with a stem from a rosemary plant.\u00a0 A bit of rooting hormone purchased from a local nursery is speeding up production of roots from the cut stem.\u00a0 This is asexual reproduction because it did not involve reproductive structures, and it did not involve different organisms.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_1127593892.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_1756064006.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1198\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Spider plants, a common house plant often produce small plantlets asexually.\u00a0 This is the spider plant's most common form of reproduction, although it can also reproduce sexually with flowers.\u00a0 The benefit of asexual reproduction is the ease: no need for pollen from one plant to get to the eggs of another.\u00a0 Also, if the parent plant survived in the microhabitat, its clones likely will too.\u00a0 But there are two big downsides as well.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">The plantlets may complete with each other and the parent plant.\u00a0 Also, all of the plants are similar genetically.\u00a0 Sexual production increases variation as different genetic compositions from from sperm and eggs.\u00a0 A plant virus could wipe out all of these individuals at once.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_1580045401.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1410\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Strawberries have runners, also called stolons.\u00a0 These horizontal stems grow along the ground and asexually produce offspring.\u00a0 These clones are genetically identical to the parent plant.<\/strong><\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">From the video, how can these strawberry plants stabilize soil?<\/h6> <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>There is more on strawberry planting in this Guide's resource page.<\/em><\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/resources\/#\" > Resources <\/a>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/364198955[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Strawberry plants like this wild strawberry can also reproduce sexually with insect-pollinated flowers that produce fruit with seeds.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Although some plants like moss and ferns sexually reproduce with spores and gymnosperms develop seeds within cones; most plants are angiosperms that reproduce sexually with flowers.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shutterstock_30590989.jpg\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1491\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Flowers<\/h3>\n<p><strong>We will begin with an overview of flowers and why they are significant.<\/strong><\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430116203[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Although flowers vary significantly in structure, many share the features in this video.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430493532[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Lilies are often used to study flower structures because they are complete or \"perfect\" flowers with all of the basic parts.\u00a0 Lilies are monocot angiosperms, with three petals and three similarly colored sepals.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430495765[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/flowers-anatomy-1024x807.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"807\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<p>Stamens are the \"male\" reproductive structures of the flower that produce the pollen grains. Each stamen consists of a filament and an anther. The filament is a stalk attached to the anther. The anther is where pollen grains are located. Pollen is the equivalent to sperm in human males.<\/p>\n<p>The pistil (also called the carpel) is the \"female\" reproductive structure of the flower and is made up of three parts. The stigma is where the pollen grains land. The style is below the stigma and connects it to the ovary. The ovary forms the bottom part of the pistil. Inside the ovary are the ovules and inside the ovules are the eggs which, after fertilization, will result in the ovules developing into seeds. At the same time the ovary will develop into a fruit.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/flower-fruit-1024x635.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"635\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<h4>To review; after fertilization (pollination), the ovary of the flower becomes the _____ and the ovules become the _____.<\/h4> <pre>Answers: fruit; seeds<\/pre>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430159278[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Models are often used to assist is visualizing small structures.\u00a0 This mustard readily shows all of the basic flower parts.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Variations in flower structures are often used to identify flowers in the field.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Review your understanding of flower structures with this video.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/360846559[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Although many significant crops like soybeans and squash are pollinated by animals, grass plants are wind pollinated.\u00a0 Grasses include corn, wheat and rice.<\/strong><\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430156902[\/embed]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Grass Flowers<\/strong><\/h3> <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Grass plants are not pollinated by animals, so they do not need large, colorful, odorous, or nectar-filled\u00a0 flowers.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/corn-seed-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<p>In a corn plant, a cluster of male flowers is called a tassel. The male flowers produce pollen which is carried by the wind to female flowers. Pollen falls onto the silks of female flowers, which develop into individual corn kernels. Typically the male and female flowers on a single plant mature at different times, to prevent self-pollination.<\/p>\n<h5>We will have more on flowers, including different flower types matched with pollinators in Module 9.<\/h5>\n<h5>This is the end of Guide 4A.\u00a0 The next step is to take the quiz on Canvas and upload your Pressed Leaf.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/4a4.jpg\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\">\n<h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul> <li> <p><strong>describe asexual reproduction and provide examples of plants that can reproduce in this manner?<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><strong>label various flower structures and functions, relating flower structures to fruits and seeds?<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><strong>list plants that utilize wind pollinations and contrast wind pollinated flowers with animal pollinated flowers?<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Stems &amp; Roots Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/products\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Products Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Plants Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/classification\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Classification\" alt=\"Classification\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/classification\/#\"> Classification <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Leaves\" alt=\"Leaves\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/leaves\/#\"> Leaves <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Stems &amp; Roots\" alt=\"Stems &amp; Roots\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/stems-roots\/#\"> Stems & Roots <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Reproduction - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Reproduction - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Reproduction - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 4<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>4A: Plants<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/organisms\/plants\/products\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Products Information<\/h3> <h5>4A: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"4a4 Reproduction\" alt=\"4a4 Reproduction\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27384"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27660,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27384\/revisions\/27660"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}