{"id":27879,"date":"2025-10-17T07:37:53","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T07:37:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=27879"},"modified":"2025-10-18T01:33:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T01:33:31","slug":"competition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/competition\/","title":{"rendered":"5b1 Competition"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-27879\" data-postid=\"27879\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-27879 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"zmv3322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_zmv3322 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_r9te322 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_k6ll322 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_rhfi322  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Competition            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Limited resources            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_3jee322 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"it04322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_it04322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_w5be322 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_lllx322 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b1.jpg\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_869l322 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pl9v322    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Competition Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_tby8322    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>List positive, negative, and neutral forms of community interactions.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Describe competition, including examples of intraspecific and interspecific competition.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain how competition is potentially costly to the participants, including ways to minimize competition.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"erbo322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_erbo322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_d6ny322 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8ond322   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This video shows a pair of our clownfish eating small frozen shrimp. Feeding interactions are often the easiest to see: they are dramatic and make for good video.\u00a0 However, there are many other interactions that can occur that are more subtle.\u00a0 For example, the clownfish have a relationship with that large cleaner shrimp in the background.\u00a0 More on that relationship later on in this guide.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_avso322 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/391086867?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"d826322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_d826322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_3wwm322 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9wlk322   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">There are many types of interactions between species within a community.\u00a0 The impacts on individual organisms can be positive (+), negative (-), or neutral (0).<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u259322   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2>Community Interactions<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_rxg6322\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_o06z322 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_tyod322 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/roadrun-1024x959.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative)  One organism kills and eats another.  Clearly one organism benefits (+) and the other is harrned (-).  Example: a roadrunner bird catches and eats a lizard.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Predation (+ -)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, negative)  One organism kills and eats another.  Clearly one organism benefits (+) and the other is harrned (-).  Example: a roadrunner bird catches and eats a lizard.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_mr4e322 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_rqh9322 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/deer-1024x894.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Herbivory (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) An herbivore eats a producer.  Example: a deer eats grass and a variety of other plants.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Herbivory (+ -)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, negative) An herbivore eats a producer.  Example: a deer eats grass and a variety of other plants.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_wgf0322\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_00ez322 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_e4k0322 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-gall-1024x893.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Parasitism (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) An organism eats, but typically does not kill, another organism.  Example: wasps lay their eggs in oak leaves and the larvae eat the leaves.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Parasitism (+ -)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, negative) An organism eats, but typically does not kill, another organism.  Example: wasps lay their eggs in oak leaves and the larvae eat the leaves.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_y5d8322 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7j0o322 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/squirrel-1024x904.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition (- -)\" alt=\"(negative, negative) . Organisms compete for the same limited resource.  Example: a squirrel eats food out a bird feeder.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Competition (- -)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (negative, negative) . Organisms compete for the same limited resource.  Example: a squirrel eats food out a bird feeder.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_x231322\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_pn6n322 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_i7yl322 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oxpeck-1024x851.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Mutualism (+ +)\" alt=\"(positive, positive) Both organisms benefit from the interaction.  Example: an oxpecker bird catches and eats parasites that are on zebras.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Mutualism (+ +)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, positive) Both organisms benefit from the interaction.  Example: an oxpecker bird catches and eats parasites that are on zebras.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_kh8d322 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_3x4z322 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-berry-1024x809.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Commensalism (+ 0)\" alt=\"(positive, neutral) One organism benefits, the other is not impacted.  Example: an oak tree can provide shade to berry shrubs.  The berries benefit from the protection, the oak tree is not impacted.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Commensalism (+ 0)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, neutral) One organism benefits, the other is not impacted.  Example: an oak tree can provide shade to berry shrubs.  The berries benefit from the protection, the oak tree is not impacted.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"odi6322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_odi6322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_btsd322 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_x80h322 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/434743199?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_cy1w322 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_v42b322   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">On the barnacle rocks we saw earlier this term, many different interactions are occurring simultaneously: barnacles competing for space, sea stars eating clams, snails grazing n algae.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"trwa322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_trwa322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_cow8322 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zp3n322   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">A closer view of a world of interactions.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_ulqj322 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_r029322 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/434743871?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"axo6322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_axo6322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_rtgd322 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_glk1322   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">We will go into more depth on interactions throughout this guide, starting with competition.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_k7ph322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ueri322 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_an4u322   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Competition (- -)<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"4eh7322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_4eh7322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_71jj322 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_l4zl322   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Competition occurs when organisms are trying to utilize the same limited resources.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"bfak322\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_bfak322 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_vp0t322 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_98vc322\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_8udj322 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mvxy322 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comintraspecificzebra-1024x680.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Intraspecific Competition\" alt=\"Competition within a species: these zebra all need water from the watering hole.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Intraspecific Competition                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Competition within a species: these zebra all need water from the watering hole.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_vqkv322 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_f7k7322 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cominterspecificcompetition-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Interspecific Competition\" alt=\"Competition between different species.  Both the bee and the butterfly need nectar.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Interspecific Competition                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Competition between different species.  Both the bee and the butterfly need nectar.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"wwst321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_wwst321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_6xr4321 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_rf10321 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/308842786?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_7x9z321 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_seov321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>One of the mysteries of North American mammals is why the Canada Lynx does not overlap in territory more with the similar North American Bobcat.\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6>Competitive exclusion may be the answer; find out more in the Competition video.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"oihz321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_oihz321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_03sv321 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_mor6321 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/311148139?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"zfj1321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_zfj1321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_qf4b321 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_vxyz321 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/310996748?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_mrq8321 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_atvd321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Bird feeders are an ideal location for studying competition.\u00a0 In addition to the birds seen in the video, you can hear Canada geese and crows in the background.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"cug6321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_cug6321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_h7tw321 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yt9c321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">This year our pair of crows had multiple offspring survive which may set up intraspecific competition.\u00a0 If food becomes limited, the crows will start to move in a wider area and space themselves while feeding.\u00a0 They will stay in visual or hearing range and condense into a small group again, if threatened.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Strategies to reduce competition are important.\u00a0 Why would it potentially be important to reduce competition?<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Answer: c<\/em><em>ompetition is potentially expensive in energy, injury, or lost time on other tasks.\u00a0 Reducing competitive encounters in the long-term may actually improve fitness (survival and reproduction).<\/em><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_12ag321 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_r38n321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/crow-grass-b-1024x672.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0kxe321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0kxe321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_ua6e321 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wlyf321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">Some species are more competitive when they reach a certain minimal population size.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">These Plecostomous fish are young and small, but their large number enables them to compete for algae-covered rocks.<\/h6>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_ht4p321 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_3wfd321 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/312227443?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"qouw321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_qouw321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_nys7321 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_iulj321 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/308939458?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_zigr321 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_uj2n321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">These crickets and sowbugs are competing for the same food.\u00a0Is this intraspecific or interspecfic competition?<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Despite the large number of sowbugs, the cricket population is growing fast in this terrarium.\u00a0 Can you see why in this video?<\/h6>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>answers: interspecific; crickets are able to keep the sowbugs back and are getting more food.<\/em><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"kz83321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_kz83321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_qyar321 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ipis321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Non-native animals may enter a habitat with a competitive advantage.\u00a0 The absence of predators or parasites that would have controlled their numbers in their original location may be absent.\u00a0 They may also be a different size or have different behaviors than endemic (native) species.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"q08f321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_q08f321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_o5lh321 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_kmhn321 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/466902016?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_kqy7321 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4ev3321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">These invasive Himalayan blackberries are out-competing native shrubs.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"5exi321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_5exi321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_gmpe321 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_sdkq321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The next section examines predation and herbivory; one organism benefiting from harming another.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"9afb321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_9afb321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_z6r5321 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_3cex321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b1.jpg\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_1l23321 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_m2ob321    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8n9g321    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>list positive, negative, and neutral forms of community interactions?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>describe competition, including examples of intraspecific and interspecific competition?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain how competition is potentially costly to the participants, including ways to minimize competition?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"6mfl321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_6mfl321 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_dli0321 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ralk321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5nlq321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Communities Guide Overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_50t8321 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_wi9f321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_i751321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Predation &amp; Herbivory Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_h1cb321 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_bhey321 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_eqvz321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Communities Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_euc9321 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #a33494;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yelw321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_zte3321\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_k801321 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_d9vl321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Competition - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Competition - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_yo1v321\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_6vi4321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\">\n                        Predation & Herbivory                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_dyc7321\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_s6q6321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Symbiosis\" alt=\"Symbiosis\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\">\n                        Symbiosis                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_ytho321 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_wawr321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Oak Community\" alt=\"Oak Community\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\">\n                        Oak Community                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"t0ed321\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_t0ed321 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_4 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_tqfv321 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_43yr321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_fob8321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 5<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_6k6p321\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_bbtl321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q4yc321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>5B: Communities<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_sqvo321\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_zwhc321 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/products\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4lre321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Products Information<\/h3>\n<h5>5B: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_6rg8321 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_yuif321 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q3t2321   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Competition Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":27840,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27879","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">\n<h1>Competition<br\/>Limited resources<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b1.jpg\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">\n<h3><strong>Competition Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>List positive, negative, and neutral forms of community interactions.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Describe competition, including examples of intraspecific and interspecific competition.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain how competition is potentially costly to the participants, including ways to minimize competition.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h6>This video shows a pair of our clownfish eating small frozen shrimp. Feeding interactions are often the easiest to see: they are dramatic and make for good video.\u00a0 However, there are many other interactions that can occur that are more subtle.\u00a0 For example, the clownfish have a relationship with that large cleaner shrimp in the background.\u00a0 More on that relationship later on in this guide.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/391086867[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">There are many types of interactions between species within a community.\u00a0 The impacts on individual organisms can be positive (+), negative (-), or neutral (0).<\/p>\n<h2>Community Interactions<\/h2>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/roadrun-1024x959.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) One organism kills and eats another. Clearly one organism benefits (+) and the other is harrned (-). Example: a roadrunner bird catches and eats a lizard.\"> <h3> Predation (+ -) <\/h3> (positive, negative) One organism kills and eats another. Clearly one organism benefits (+) and the other is harrned (-). Example: a roadrunner bird catches and eats a lizard.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/deer-1024x894.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Herbivory (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) An herbivore eats a producer. Example: a deer eats grass and a variety of other plants.\"> <h3> Herbivory (+ -) <\/h3> (positive, negative) An herbivore eats a producer. Example: a deer eats grass and a variety of other plants.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-gall-1024x893.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Parasitism (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) An organism eats, but typically does not kill, another organism. Example: wasps lay their eggs in oak leaves and the larvae eat the leaves.\"> <h3> Parasitism (+ -) <\/h3> (positive, negative) An organism eats, but typically does not kill, another organism. Example: wasps lay their eggs in oak leaves and the larvae eat the leaves.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/squirrel-1024x904.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition (- -)\" alt=\"(negative, negative) . Organisms compete for the same limited resource. Example: a squirrel eats food out a bird feeder.\"> <h3> Competition (- -) <\/h3> (negative, negative) . Organisms compete for the same limited resource. Example: a squirrel eats food out a bird feeder.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oxpeck-1024x851.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Mutualism (+ +)\" alt=\"(positive, positive) Both organisms benefit from the interaction. Example: an oxpecker bird catches and eats parasites that are on zebras.\"> <h3> Mutualism (+ +) <\/h3> (positive, positive) Both organisms benefit from the interaction. Example: an oxpecker bird catches and eats parasites that are on zebras.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-berry-1024x809.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Commensalism (+ 0)\" alt=\"(positive, neutral) One organism benefits, the other is not impacted. Example: an oak tree can provide shade to berry shrubs. The berries benefit from the protection, the oak tree is not impacted.\"> <h3> Commensalism (+ 0) <\/h3> (positive, neutral) One organism benefits, the other is not impacted. Example: an oak tree can provide shade to berry shrubs. The berries benefit from the protection, the oak tree is not impacted.\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/434743199[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">On the barnacle rocks we saw earlier this term, many different interactions are occurring simultaneously: barnacles competing for space, sea stars eating clams, snails grazing n algae.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">A closer view of a world of interactions.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/434743871[\/embed]\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">We will go into more depth on interactions throughout this guide, starting with competition.<\/h5>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Competition (- -)<\/h2>\n<h5>Competition occurs when organisms are trying to utilize the same limited resources.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comintraspecificzebra-1024x680.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Intraspecific Competition\" alt=\"Competition within a species: these zebra all need water from the watering hole.\"> <h3> Intraspecific Competition <\/h3> Competition within a species: these zebra all need water from the watering hole.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cominterspecificcompetition-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Interspecific Competition\" alt=\"Competition between different species. Both the bee and the butterfly need nectar.\"> <h3> Interspecific Competition <\/h3> Competition between different species. Both the bee and the butterfly need nectar.\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/308842786[\/embed]\n<h6>One of the mysteries of North American mammals is why the Canada Lynx does not overlap in territory more with the similar North American Bobcat.\u00a0<\/h6> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6> <h6>Competitive exclusion may be the answer; find out more in the Competition video.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/311148139[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/310996748[\/embed]\n<h6>Bird feeders are an ideal location for studying competition.\u00a0 In addition to the birds seen in the video, you can hear Canada geese and crows in the background.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">This year our pair of crows had multiple offspring survive which may set up intraspecific competition.\u00a0 If food becomes limited, the crows will start to move in a wider area and space themselves while feeding.\u00a0 They will stay in visual or hearing range and condense into a small group again, if threatened.<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Strategies to reduce competition are important.\u00a0 Why would it potentially be important to reduce competition?<\/h6> <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Answer: c<\/em><em>ompetition is potentially expensive in energy, injury, or lost time on other tasks.\u00a0 Reducing competitive encounters in the long-term may actually improve fitness (survival and reproduction).<\/em><\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/crow-grass-b-1024x672.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">Some species are more competitive when they reach a certain minimal population size.<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">These Plecostomous fish are young and small, but their large number enables them to compete for algae-covered rocks.<\/h6> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/312227443[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/308939458[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">These crickets and sowbugs are competing for the same food.\u00a0Is this intraspecific or interspecfic competition?<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Despite the large number of sowbugs, the cricket population is growing fast in this terrarium.\u00a0 Can you see why in this video?<\/h6> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p><em>answers: interspecific; crickets are able to keep the sowbugs back and are getting more food.<\/em><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Non-native animals may enter a habitat with a competitive advantage.\u00a0 The absence of predators or parasites that would have controlled their numbers in their original location may be absent.\u00a0 They may also be a different size or have different behaviors than endemic (native) species.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/466902016[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">These invasive Himalayan blackberries are out-competing native shrubs.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h5>The next section examines predation and herbivory; one organism benefiting from harming another.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b1.jpg\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\">\n<h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>list positive, negative, and neutral forms of community interactions?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>describe competition, including examples of intraspecific and interspecific competition?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain how competition is potentially costly to the participants, including ways to minimize competition?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Communities Guide Overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Predation &amp; Herbivory Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Communities Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Competition - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Competition - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\"> Predation & Herbivory <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Symbiosis\" alt=\"Symbiosis\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\"> Symbiosis <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Oak Community\" alt=\"Oak Community\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\"> Oak Community <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 5<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>5B: Communities<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/products\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Products Information<\/h3> <h5>5B: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"5b1 Competition\" alt=\"5b1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27879"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28210,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27879\/revisions\/28210"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}