{"id":28273,"date":"2025-10-24T19:58:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T19:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=28273"},"modified":"2025-10-24T23:24:48","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T23:24:48","slug":"competition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/competition\/","title":{"rendered":"5a1 Competition"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-28273\" data-postid=\"28273\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-28273 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"h1pr725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_h1pr725 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_t98u725 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7rxy725 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_p5q1725  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Competition            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Limited resources            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_rm7y725 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"t3ns725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_t3ns725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ntri725 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_q2i9725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b1.jpg\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_fci6725 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qvzk725    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Competition Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_o6dv725    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>List positive, negative, and neutral forms of community interactions.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Describe competition, including examples of intraspecific and interspecific competition.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain how competition is potentially costly to the participants, including ways to minimize competition.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ua7j725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ua7j725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ltqs725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_reda725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>This video shows a pair of our clownfish eating small frozen shrimp. Feeding interactions are often the easiest to see: they are dramatic and make for good video.\u00a0 However, there are many other interactions that can occur that are more subtle.\u00a0 For example, the clownfish have a relationship with that large cleaner shrimp in the background.\u00a0 More on that relationship later on in this guide.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_adt9725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/391086867?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"j4j5725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_j4j5725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_qwcp725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3pxp725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">There are many types of interactions between species within a community.\u00a0 The impacts on individual organisms can be positive (+), negative (-), or neutral (0).<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_k55a725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2>Community Interactions<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_rq63725\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_cbhi725 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_e4oh725 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/roadrun-1024x959.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative)  One organism kills and eats another.  Clearly one organism benefits (+) and the other is harrned (-).  Example: a roadrunner bird catches and eats a lizard.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Predation (+ -)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, negative)  One organism kills and eats another.  Clearly one organism benefits (+) and the other is harrned (-).  Example: a roadrunner bird catches and eats a lizard.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_snl0725 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7oge725 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/deer-1024x894.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Herbivory (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) An herbivore eats a producer.  Example: a deer eats grass and a variety of other plants.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Herbivory (+ -)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, negative) An herbivore eats a producer.  Example: a deer eats grass and a variety of other plants.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_74sy725\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_19lv725 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xzoc725 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-gall-1024x893.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Parasitism (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) An organism eats, but typically does not kill, another organism.  Example: wasps lay their eggs in oak leaves and the larvae eat the leaves.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Parasitism (+ -)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, negative) An organism eats, but typically does not kill, another organism.  Example: wasps lay their eggs in oak leaves and the larvae eat the leaves.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_wmme725 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ejri725 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/squirrel-1024x904.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition (- -)\" alt=\"(negative, negative) . Organisms compete for the same limited resource.  Example: a squirrel eats food out a bird feeder.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Competition (- -)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (negative, negative) . Organisms compete for the same limited resource.  Example: a squirrel eats food out a bird feeder.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_tivd725\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_dfs0725 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_u7r9725 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oxpeck-1024x851.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Mutualism (+ +)\" alt=\"(positive, positive) Both organisms benefit from the interaction.  Example: an oxpecker bird catches and eats parasites that are on zebras.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Mutualism (+ +)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, positive) Both organisms benefit from the interaction.  Example: an oxpecker bird catches and eats parasites that are on zebras.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_438f725 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_akar725 image-left rounded  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-berry-1024x809.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Commensalism (+ 0)\" alt=\"(positive, neutral) One organism benefits, the other is not impacted.  Example: an oak tree can provide shade to berry shrubs.  The berries benefit from the protection, the oak tree is not impacted.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Commensalism (+ 0)                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            (positive, neutral) One organism benefits, the other is not impacted.  Example: an oak tree can provide shade to berry shrubs.  The berries benefit from the protection, the oak tree is not impacted.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"b1o0725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_b1o0725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_vvcx725 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_and3725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/434743199?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_kjg4725 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wr9u725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">On the barnacle rocks we saw earlier this term, many different interactions are occurring simultaneously: barnacles competing for space, sea stars eating clams, snails grazing n algae.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0pov725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0pov725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_snx2725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pre7725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">A closer view of a world of interactions.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_xrrq725 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_8a54725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/434743871?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"r5tb725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_r5tb725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_v6ob725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_rwxg725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">We will go into more depth on interactions throughout this guide, starting with competition.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_c1uo725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_nre6725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xcw9725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Competition (- -)<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"iz2u725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_iz2u725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_evwu725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_w5go725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Competition occurs when organisms are trying to utilize the same limited resources.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"qcqy725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_qcqy725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_u16r725 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_qkas725\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_oh1l725 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1j4h725 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comintraspecificzebra-1024x680.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Intraspecific Competition\" alt=\"Competition within a species: these zebra all need water from the watering hole.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Intraspecific Competition                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Competition within a species: these zebra all need water from the watering hole.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_8wd0725 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_4ss4725 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cominterspecificcompetition-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Interspecific Competition\" alt=\"Competition between different species.  Both the bee and the butterfly need nectar.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Interspecific Competition                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Competition between different species.  Both the bee and the butterfly need nectar.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"r18i725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_r18i725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_5502725 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_vnec725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/308842786?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_7d4n725 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2gyq725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>One of the mysteries of North American mammals is why the Canada Lynx does not overlap in territory more with the similar North American Bobcat.\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6>Competitive exclusion may be the answer; find out more in the Competition video.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"81ek725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_81ek725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_05tl725 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_c9ln725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/311148139?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"316o725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_316o725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_yx0d725 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_mk26725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/310996748?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_62lv725 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_p7qt725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Bird feeders are an ideal location for studying competition.\u00a0 In addition to the birds seen in the video, you can hear Canada geese and crows in the background.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0rhm725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0rhm725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_9z85725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kxuy725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">This year our pair of crows had multiple offspring survive which may set up intraspecific competition.\u00a0 If food becomes limited, the crows will start to move in a wider area and space themselves while feeding.\u00a0 They will stay in visual or hearing range and condense into a small group again, if threatened.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Strategies to reduce competition are important.\u00a0 Why would it potentially be important to reduce competition?<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Answer: c<\/em><em>ompetition is potentially expensive in energy, injury, or lost time on other tasks.\u00a0 Reducing competitive encounters in the long-term may actually improve fitness (survival and reproduction).<\/em><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_4kp6725 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ax2r725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/crow-grass-b-1024x672.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"pjdd725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_pjdd725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_c13d725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qahe725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">Some species are more competitive when they reach a certain minimal population size.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">These Plecostomous fish are young and small, but their large number enables them to compete for algae-covered rocks.<\/h6>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_goxl725 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_mbfk725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/312227443?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"q287725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_q287725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_925o725 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_4wda725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/308939458?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_8qkh725 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q532725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">These crickets and sowbugs are competing for the same food.\u00a0Is this intraspecific or interspecfic competition?<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Despite the large number of sowbugs, the cricket population is growing fast in this terrarium.\u00a0 Can you see why in this video?<\/h6>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>answers: interspecific; crickets are able to keep the sowbugs back and are getting more food.<\/em><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"42or725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_42or725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_0j1b725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_79nm725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Non-native animals may enter a habitat with a competitive advantage.\u00a0 The absence of predators or parasites that would have controlled their numbers in their original location may be absent.\u00a0 They may also be a different size or have different behaviors than endemic (native) species.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"9q87725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_9q87725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_w5er725 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_llnv725 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/466902016?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_zqpk725 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vguj725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">These invasive Himalayan blackberries are out-competing native shrubs.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"bzd3725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_bzd3725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_l39h725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_h87m725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The next section examines predation and herbivory; one organism harming another.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"z0kr725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_z0kr725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_hfyy725 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2lx2725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b1.jpg\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_op49725 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_r597725    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xxjy725    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>list positive, negative, and neutral forms of community interactions?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>describe competition, including examples of intraspecific and interspecific competition?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain how competition is potentially costly to the participants, including ways to minimize competition?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"e1fh725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_e1fh725 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_h753725 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_yr6d725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3jsz725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Communities Guide Overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_nbu2725 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_9kiz725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_12de725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Predation &amp; Herbivory Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_8vcr725 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_1nsm725 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q17e725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Communities Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_m522725 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #b332a0;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_uevy725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_rtlq725\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_h008725 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ppzd725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Competition - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Competition - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_7vwf725\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_8c17725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\">\n                        Predation & Herbivory                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_0ezc725\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_b71f725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Symbiosis\" alt=\"Symbiosis\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\">\n                        Symbiosis                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_6n15725 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_w52n725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Oak Community\" alt=\"Oak Community\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\">\n                        Oak Community                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"lfoj725\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_lfoj725 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_l38w725 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_b1ok725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q4db725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 5<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_uu27725\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_122o725 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cqee725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>Communities<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_q7rc725 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_x5mm725 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_w213725   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Competition Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":28250,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-28273","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">\n<h1>Competition<br\/>Limited resources<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b1.jpg\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">\n<h3><strong>Competition Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>List positive, negative, and neutral forms of community interactions.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Describe competition, including examples of intraspecific and interspecific competition.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain how competition is potentially costly to the participants, including ways to minimize competition.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h5>This video shows a pair of our clownfish eating small frozen shrimp. Feeding interactions are often the easiest to see: they are dramatic and make for good video.\u00a0 However, there are many other interactions that can occur that are more subtle.\u00a0 For example, the clownfish have a relationship with that large cleaner shrimp in the background.\u00a0 More on that relationship later on in this guide.<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/391086867[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">There are many types of interactions between species within a community.\u00a0 The impacts on individual organisms can be positive (+), negative (-), or neutral (0).<\/p>\n<h2>Community Interactions<\/h2>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/roadrun-1024x959.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) One organism kills and eats another. Clearly one organism benefits (+) and the other is harrned (-). Example: a roadrunner bird catches and eats a lizard.\"> <h3> Predation (+ -) <\/h3> (positive, negative) One organism kills and eats another. Clearly one organism benefits (+) and the other is harrned (-). Example: a roadrunner bird catches and eats a lizard.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/deer-1024x894.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Herbivory (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) An herbivore eats a producer. Example: a deer eats grass and a variety of other plants.\"> <h3> Herbivory (+ -) <\/h3> (positive, negative) An herbivore eats a producer. Example: a deer eats grass and a variety of other plants.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-gall-1024x893.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Parasitism (+ -)\" alt=\"(positive, negative) An organism eats, but typically does not kill, another organism. Example: wasps lay their eggs in oak leaves and the larvae eat the leaves.\"> <h3> Parasitism (+ -) <\/h3> (positive, negative) An organism eats, but typically does not kill, another organism. Example: wasps lay their eggs in oak leaves and the larvae eat the leaves.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/squirrel-1024x904.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition (- -)\" alt=\"(negative, negative) . Organisms compete for the same limited resource. Example: a squirrel eats food out a bird feeder.\"> <h3> Competition (- -) <\/h3> (negative, negative) . Organisms compete for the same limited resource. Example: a squirrel eats food out a bird feeder.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oxpeck-1024x851.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Mutualism (+ +)\" alt=\"(positive, positive) Both organisms benefit from the interaction. Example: an oxpecker bird catches and eats parasites that are on zebras.\"> <h3> Mutualism (+ +) <\/h3> (positive, positive) Both organisms benefit from the interaction. Example: an oxpecker bird catches and eats parasites that are on zebras.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-berry-1024x809.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Commensalism (+ 0)\" alt=\"(positive, neutral) One organism benefits, the other is not impacted. Example: an oak tree can provide shade to berry shrubs. The berries benefit from the protection, the oak tree is not impacted.\"> <h3> Commensalism (+ 0) <\/h3> (positive, neutral) One organism benefits, the other is not impacted. Example: an oak tree can provide shade to berry shrubs. The berries benefit from the protection, the oak tree is not impacted.\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/434743199[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">On the barnacle rocks we saw earlier this term, many different interactions are occurring simultaneously: barnacles competing for space, sea stars eating clams, snails grazing n algae.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">A closer view of a world of interactions.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/434743871[\/embed]\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">We will go into more depth on interactions throughout this guide, starting with competition.<\/h5>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Competition (- -)<\/h2>\n<h5>Competition occurs when organisms are trying to utilize the same limited resources.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comintraspecificzebra-1024x680.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Intraspecific Competition\" alt=\"Competition within a species: these zebra all need water from the watering hole.\"> <h3> Intraspecific Competition <\/h3> Competition within a species: these zebra all need water from the watering hole.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cominterspecificcompetition-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"Interspecific Competition\" alt=\"Competition between different species. Both the bee and the butterfly need nectar.\"> <h3> Interspecific Competition <\/h3> Competition between different species. Both the bee and the butterfly need nectar.\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/308842786[\/embed]\n<h6>One of the mysteries of North American mammals is why the Canada Lynx does not overlap in territory more with the similar North American Bobcat.\u00a0<\/h6> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6> <h6>Competitive exclusion may be the answer; find out more in the Competition video.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/311148139[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/310996748[\/embed]\n<h6>Bird feeders are an ideal location for studying competition.\u00a0 In addition to the birds seen in the video, you can hear Canada geese and crows in the background.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">This year our pair of crows had multiple offspring survive which may set up intraspecific competition.\u00a0 If food becomes limited, the crows will start to move in a wider area and space themselves while feeding.\u00a0 They will stay in visual or hearing range and condense into a small group again, if threatened.<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Strategies to reduce competition are important.\u00a0 Why would it potentially be important to reduce competition?<\/h6> <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Answer: c<\/em><em>ompetition is potentially expensive in energy, injury, or lost time on other tasks.\u00a0 Reducing competitive encounters in the long-term may actually improve fitness (survival and reproduction).<\/em><\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/crow-grass-b-1024x672.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">Some species are more competitive when they reach a certain minimal population size.<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">These Plecostomous fish are young and small, but their large number enables them to compete for algae-covered rocks.<\/h6> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/312227443[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/308939458[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">These crickets and sowbugs are competing for the same food.\u00a0Is this intraspecific or interspecfic competition?<\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Despite the large number of sowbugs, the cricket population is growing fast in this terrarium.\u00a0 Can you see why in this video?<\/h6> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p><em>answers: interspecific; crickets are able to keep the sowbugs back and are getting more food.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Non-native animals may enter a habitat with a competitive advantage.\u00a0 The absence of predators or parasites that would have controlled their numbers in their original location may be absent.\u00a0 They may also be a different size or have different behaviors than endemic (native) species.<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/466902016[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">These invasive Himalayan blackberries are out-competing native shrubs.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h5>The next section examines predation and herbivory; one organism harming another.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b1.jpg\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\">\n<h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>list positive, negative, and neutral forms of community interactions?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>describe competition, including examples of intraspecific and interspecific competition?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain how competition is potentially costly to the participants, including ways to minimize competition?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Communities Guide Overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Predation &amp; Herbivory Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Communities Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Competition - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Competition - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/#\"> Predation & Herbivory <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Symbiosis\" alt=\"Symbiosis\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\"> Symbiosis <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Oak Community\" alt=\"Oak Community\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\"> Oak Community <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 5<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>Communities<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"5a1 Competition\" alt=\"5a1 Competition\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28273"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28639,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28273\/revisions\/28639"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}