{"id":28278,"date":"2025-10-24T19:59:53","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T19:59:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=28278"},"modified":"2025-10-24T23:17:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T23:17:10","slug":"predation-herbivory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/predation-herbivory\/","title":{"rendered":"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-28278\" data-postid=\"28278\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-28278 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"gazs559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_gazs559 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_mn0l559 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kf6n559 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_hu6c559  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Predation &amp; Herbivory            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    One Organism Benefits; The Other is Harmed            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ffvn559 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"dulz559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_dulz559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_2m8o559 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_zgui559 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b2.jpg\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_tcx4559 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1wtm559    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Predation &amp; Herbivory Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3h5m559    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Describe tactics and weaponry predators use to capture prey.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Distinguish between grazer, browser, and algivore herbivores.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain how and why carnivorous plants catch prey and provide examples.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"amto559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_amto559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_yfcz559 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_fb2t559    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Catching prey is not an easy task, predators expend energy, can be injured, and still not catch enough food to survive.\u00a0 Certain genetically programmed structures and learned strategies make catching prey more likely to occur.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"rb2e559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_rb2e559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_utbx559 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_2ugl559 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309242093?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_cqvv559 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3kw4559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Humans have a huge advantage in capturing prey.\u00a0 It&#8217;s not just modern weaponry, it is having built-in advantages like a brain that can develop tactics, hands that can fashion and use weapons, and the ability to move quickly through a variety of environments.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_r4yl559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ubrg559 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pxby559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Predation (+ -)<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"bcy1559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_bcy1559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_qyfn559 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_l2vv559 image-top   auto_fullwidth tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/predator-camo-1024x803.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"803\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"zsvq559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_zsvq559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_xvc3559 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_6w0f559 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309004781?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_6pr2559 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1r43559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>This crocodile has a variety of advantages: camouflage, stealthy movement, speed, strength, and weaponry.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>You can imagine how a prey animal may not even see it coming.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"vfoe559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_vfoe559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_7laj559 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qxd0559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Piranhas form large schools in South American rivers and can kill prey fish with their powerful jaws and sharp teeth.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>Watch this classic predator move: turning its back on the camera.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_207v559 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_1owj559 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/307161073?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"w783559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_w783559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_yqcj559 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_uqeh559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Preying mantises (also called praying mantises) use a variety of techniques to capture their prey.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_kf0b559\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_529o559 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_s99h559 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/311593417?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zpq1559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Our native mantises have green camouflage color and are shaped like grass blades.\u00a0 They are hard to see even when you are looking for them.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_ao4u559 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_roxb559 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309692245?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_h8pc559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Ghost preying mantises look like dry leaves and sway back and forth like a leaf in the breeze as they move in on their prey.\u00a0 This species will grow to about four inches in size<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"lvrt559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_lvrt559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_pt8k559 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_bv8s559 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309053954?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_kle1559 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3ctv559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Often confused with detritivore millipedes, centipedes are primarily predators.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>This centipede appeared on our couch while we were videoing, possibly hunting the massive number of fruit flies that have escaped our enclosures.\u00a0 Centipedes are fast, strong, and typically camouflaged in the dirt.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"76eu559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_76eu559 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_yapz559 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"jvqw559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_jvqw559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_2v8i559 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fyel559 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/rattlesnake-pb-1024x627.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_cjke559 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jpuo559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Predators use a variety of weapons to immobilize prey.\u00a0 Rattlesnakes, known for their rattling tail that may warn away their potential predators, have fangs that deliver a hemotoxic venom that disrupts blood clotting and destroys tissues.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Even though there are dozens of rattlesnake species in the Americas, the majority are declining due to habitat loss and direct extermination.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"qdp7559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_qdp7559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_s52g559 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_d7ny559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Spiders also use fangs and venom to immobilize prey.\u00a0 This dragonfly could destroy the spider&#8217;s web, and it takes a great deal of energy and time to build a new one.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_r8rs559 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fz7t559 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/dragonfly-1729157-1024x685.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"lkx7559\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_lkx7559 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_o9mv559 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9kv3559   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Many carnivorous vertebrates use talons (birds) and claws (reptiles and mammals) to hold on to prey.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_fcco559 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/315033442?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_7nvi558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_0z43558 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_4djh559 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/314852186?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_9g7x558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wpna558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Felids, the cats, have curved claws that easily penetrate prey skin.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>Uschi is &#8220;kneading,&#8221; gentle claw extension and retraction.\u00a0 Kittens may use this to stimulate milk release from their mothers.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"36wc558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_36wc558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_nbf5558 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1mac558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bunny-1024x836.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_shn7558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zccg558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Prey are not defenseless.\u00a0 They can run, fly, maneuver, fight back, freeze, hide, or a combination of these.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>If you have ever tried to pick up an unwilling rabbit, you know they can kick, bite, and injure a potential predator.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_owwn558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_8dk2558 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ksz3558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Herbivory (+ -)<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ovdz558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ovdz558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_unmj558 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_aw93558 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/311380778?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_pbjj558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u3dz558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Deer are examples of large herbivores that continually ingest plants.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"zz2e558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_zz2e558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_x4v6558 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_lqys558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/snail-algae-ss-1024x670.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_wcci558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_j7gy558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Herbivory is consumption of producers, typically plants or algae.\u00a0 There are many specific types of herbivores, including:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h5>Grazers:\u00a0 Eat a variety of plant leaves, like grasses, that are close to the ground<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h5>Browsers: Eat a variety of plant parts, including leaves, branches, and fruits<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Algivores: eat algae<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"xrue558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_xrue558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_8b60558 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8z24558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Identify these three herbivores as eating as a grazer, browser, or algivore.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"49e5558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_49e5558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ens6558 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_4vqr558\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_o3az558 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7oih558 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/giraffe-1024x715.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_5s3m558\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_jpxx558 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/snail-1024x743.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_zpim558 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_bq8u558 image-center bordered  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bunnyb-1024x780.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ruqf558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ruqf558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_01ut558 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_fg0j558 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/462284392?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_kl9s558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zuau558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Porcupines, like this rescued and rehabilitated individual at the High Desert Museum, are herbivores that eat a variety of plants.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"tqvo558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_tqvo558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_xkgn558 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t3mh558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">In addition to fresh carrots and greens, this porcupine is being fed small branches and a prepared alfalfa block.\u00a0 What type of herbivore is this?\u00a0<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_1bml558 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_ip2i558 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/462283645?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_o4sk558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_saxg558 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zwpv558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">A Special Case: Carnivorous Plants<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"4eau558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_4eau558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_54th558 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_650w558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comvenusflytrap-1-1024x683.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_yrt9558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hcmz558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Carnivorous plants can acquire nutrients through their roots and photosynthesize with their leaves, but\u00a0 they can also supplement their diet by capturing prey.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">These plants are often found in nutrient-poor soils where decomposition is slow, like an acidic bog.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"3t50558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_3t50558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_naex558 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ckh8558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comcarnvenusfly-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_trd0558\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_aq0o558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Leaves are modified as traps.\u00a0 The leaves of Venus Fly Trap (<em>Dionea sp.<\/em>) have tiny trichomes (hairs) that trigger the leaf to snap closed, trapping the prey.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_2ct1558 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_3mj1558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comcarnivoroustrichomes-1024x678.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"2a3h558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_2a3h558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_0zt0558 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_gjva558 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/364227303?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_r0fx558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_gbx2558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Sundew plants have small hairs (trichomes) that are covered in a sticky substance that trap insects.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_arlo558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/combcarnsquaresundewspiral-1024x1024.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"hcu4558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_hcu4558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_0568558 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_a3zj558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Pitcher plants have leaves shaped like cups.\u00a0 Trichomes lead the prey to the water where they drown and are digested by enzymes.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_6mhv558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/intcarnpitchertrichomes-1-1024x706.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_f21q558 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_w4yr558 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/364210688?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"wh9s558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_wh9s558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_6glh558 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_uw7d558 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/313106971?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_77qt558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_mi75558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Baker Beach in Oregon, on highway 101 just north of Florence has tiny sundews.\u00a0 Stick to the trail, these are hard to see and low in population size.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"5p8f558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_5p8f558 tf_w\" data-tbfullwidthvideo=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/364216300\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_k3ps558 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"z0i8558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_z0i8558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_uj0z558 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bbla558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Just across the road from Baker Beach is the Darlingtonia Wayside with a completely different carnivorous plant.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_mivz558 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_7swl558 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/469376784?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"n54o558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_n54o558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_23l4558 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_vtc7558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5b2-Darling-Close.jpg\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_z9y2558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yu1a558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Leaves have a unique modification suited for catching insect prey.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ddl8558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ddl8558 tf_w\" data-tbfullwidthvideo=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/469377069\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_hcs3558 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_rc2n558 last\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"ncbd558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_ncbd558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_cq9i558 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q8l8558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>The next section introduces symbiosis, close association between organisms over time.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"uvwr558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_uvwr558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_0oyr558 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_0uwp558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b2.jpg\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_zwv8558 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_m9fo558    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hctt558    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>describe tactics and weaponry predators use to capture prey?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>distinguish between grazer, browser, and algivore herbivores?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain how and why carnivorous plants catch prey and provide examples?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"5nzr558\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_5nzr558 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_8c91558 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_h6zu558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/competition\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7os9558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Competition Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_wrdk558 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_bwyh558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u422558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Symbiosis Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_y282558 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_gzr3558 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4zjo558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Communities Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_hozi558 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #b332a0;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_082c558   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_qtmn558\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_ryzw558 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_rnsa558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/competition\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition\" alt=\"Competition\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/competition\/#\">\n                        Competition                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_eisr558\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7pr0558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Predation & Herbivory - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_uxqg558\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kz9l558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Symbiosis\" alt=\"Symbiosis\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\">\n                        Symbiosis                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_6wiz558 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_gik7558 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Oak Community\" alt=\"Oak Community\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\">\n                        Oak Community                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"qejd257\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_qejd257 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_olmx258 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_q8ep258 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7jdf258   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 5<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_lkad258\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fcsi258 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1kor258   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>Communities<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_717k258 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_x82j258 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_r768258   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Predation &amp; Herbivory Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":28250,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-28278","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<h1>Predation & Herbivory<br\/>One Organism Benefits; The Other is Harmed<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b2.jpg\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<h3><strong>Predation &amp; Herbivory Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Describe tactics and weaponry predators use to capture prey.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Distinguish between grazer, browser, and algivore herbivores.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain how and why carnivorous plants catch prey and provide examples.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Catching prey is not an easy task, predators expend energy, can be injured, and still not catch enough food to survive.\u00a0 Certain genetically programmed structures and learned strategies make catching prey more likely to occur.<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309242093[\/embed]\n<h6>Humans have a huge advantage in capturing prey.\u00a0 It's not just modern weaponry, it is having built-in advantages like a brain that can develop tactics, hands that can fashion and use weapons, and the ability to move quickly through a variety of environments.<\/h6>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Predation (+ -)<\/h2>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/predator-camo-1024x803.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"803\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309004781[\/embed]\n<h5>This crocodile has a variety of advantages: camouflage, stealthy movement, speed, strength, and weaponry.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>You can imagine how a prey animal may not even see it coming.<\/h5>\n<h5>Piranhas form large schools in South American rivers and can kill prey fish with their powerful jaws and sharp teeth.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>Watch this classic predator move: turning its back on the camera.<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/307161073[\/embed]\n<h5>Preying mantises (also called praying mantises) use a variety of techniques to capture their prey.<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/311593417[\/embed]\n<h6>Our native mantises have green camouflage color and are shaped like grass blades.\u00a0 They are hard to see even when you are looking for them.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309692245[\/embed]\n<h6>Ghost preying mantises look like dry leaves and sway back and forth like a leaf in the breeze as they move in on their prey.\u00a0 This species will grow to about four inches in size<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309053954[\/embed]\n<h5>Often confused with detritivore millipedes, centipedes are primarily predators.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>This centipede appeared on our couch while we were videoing, possibly hunting the massive number of fruit flies that have escaped our enclosures.\u00a0 Centipedes are fast, strong, and typically camouflaged in the dirt.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/rattlesnake-pb-1024x627.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Predators use a variety of weapons to immobilize prey.\u00a0 Rattlesnakes, known for their rattling tail that may warn away their potential predators, have fangs that deliver a hemotoxic venom that disrupts blood clotting and destroys tissues.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Even though there are dozens of rattlesnake species in the Americas, the majority are declining due to habitat loss and direct extermination.<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Spiders also use fangs and venom to immobilize prey.\u00a0 This dragonfly could destroy the spider's web, and it takes a great deal of energy and time to build a new one.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/dragonfly-1729157-1024x685.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<h5><strong>Many carnivorous vertebrates use talons (birds) and claws (reptiles and mammals) to hold on to prey.<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/315033442[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/314852186[\/embed]\n<h5>Felids, the cats, have curved claws that easily penetrate prey skin.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>Uschi is \"kneading,\" gentle claw extension and retraction.\u00a0 Kittens may use this to stimulate milk release from their mothers.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bunny-1024x836.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<h5>Prey are not defenseless.\u00a0 They can run, fly, maneuver, fight back, freeze, hide, or a combination of these.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>If you have ever tried to pick up an unwilling rabbit, you know they can kick, bite, and injure a potential predator.<\/h5>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Herbivory (+ -)<\/h2>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/311380778[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Deer are examples of large herbivores that continually ingest plants.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/snail-algae-ss-1024x670.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Herbivory is consumption of producers, typically plants or algae.\u00a0 There are many specific types of herbivores, including:<\/h5> <ul> <li style=\"text-align: left;\"> <h5>Grazers:\u00a0 Eat a variety of plant leaves, like grasses, that are close to the ground<\/h5> <\/li> <li style=\"text-align: left;\"> <h5>Browsers: Eat a variety of plant parts, including leaves, branches, and fruits<\/h5> <\/li> <li> <h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Algivores: eat algae<\/h5> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<h5>Identify these three herbivores as eating as a grazer, browser, or algivore.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/giraffe-1024x715.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/snail-1024x743.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bunnyb-1024x780.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/462284392[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Porcupines, like this rescued and rehabilitated individual at the High Desert Museum, are herbivores that eat a variety of plants.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">In addition to fresh carrots and greens, this porcupine is being fed small branches and a prepared alfalfa block.\u00a0 What type of herbivore is this?\u00a0<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/462283645[\/embed]\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">A Special Case: Carnivorous Plants<\/h2>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comvenusflytrap-1-1024x683.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Carnivorous plants can acquire nutrients through their roots and photosynthesize with their leaves, but\u00a0 they can also supplement their diet by capturing prey.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\">These plants are often found in nutrient-poor soils where decomposition is slow, like an acidic bog.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comcarnvenusfly-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Leaves are modified as traps.\u00a0 The leaves of Venus Fly Trap (<em>Dionea sp.<\/em>) have tiny trichomes (hairs) that trigger the leaf to snap closed, trapping the prey.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/comcarnivoroustrichomes-1024x678.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/364227303[\/embed]\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Sundew plants have small hairs (trichomes) that are covered in a sticky substance that trap insects.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/combcarnsquaresundewspiral-1024x1024.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\">Pitcher plants have leaves shaped like cups.\u00a0 Trichomes lead the prey to the water where they drown and are digested by enzymes.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/intcarnpitchertrichomes-1-1024x706.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/364210688[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/313106971[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Baker Beach in Oregon, on highway 101 just north of Florence has tiny sundews.\u00a0 Stick to the trail, these are hard to see and low in population size.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Just across the road from Baker Beach is the Darlingtonia Wayside with a completely different carnivorous plant.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/469376784[\/embed]\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5b2-Darling-Close.jpg\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Leaves have a unique modification suited for catching insect prey.\u00a0<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h5>The next section introduces symbiosis, close association between organisms over time.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/b2.jpg\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\">\n<h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>describe tactics and weaponry predators use to capture prey?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>distinguish between grazer, browser, and algivore herbivores?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain how and why carnivorous plants catch prey and provide examples?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/competition\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Competition Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Symbiosis Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Communities Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/competition\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Competition\" alt=\"Competition\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/competition\/#\"> Competition <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Predation &amp; Herbivory - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Predation & Herbivory - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Symbiosis\" alt=\"Symbiosis\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/symbiosis\/#\"> Symbiosis <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Oak Community\" alt=\"Oak Community\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/oak-community\/#\"> Oak Community <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 5<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/interactions\/communities\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>Communities<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\" alt=\"5a2 Predation &amp; Herbivory\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28278"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28633,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28278\/revisions\/28633"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}