{"id":28836,"date":"2025-10-30T21:40:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T21:40:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=28836"},"modified":"2025-10-31T01:34:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T01:34:10","slug":"streams","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/streams\/","title":{"rendered":"7b2 Streams"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-28836\" data-postid=\"28836\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-28836 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"727l512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_727l512 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_a51f512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_d168512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_61c5512  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Streams            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Flowing Water &amp; Terrestrial Impacts            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_j501512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"g0b4512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_g0b4512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_mt8y512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_e605512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-01-at-11.26.49-PM.png\" width=\"922\" height=\"655\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gowu512 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_uj44512    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Streams Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_b67j512    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Describe how stream orders are calculated as streams increase in size.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Link stream order to levels of photosynthesis.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain how streams can change over time, including the characteristics and impact of beavers.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"giqh512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_giqh512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_aiqu512 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_widz512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454561311?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_88du512 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u0ic512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">We are heading into freshwater ecosystems, starting with streams.\u00a0 As always, this begins with considering safety.\u00a0 If you spend a lot of time in streams fishing or kayaking, this may mean investing in specialized gear.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"vv7r512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_vv7r512 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_9xlj512 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"r35e512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_r35e512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_6w1t512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_o9zn512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock_1585363855-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1575\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_p6s7512 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hmk2512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Streams have flowing water moving from one point to another, typically downhill towards larger streams, and eventually the ocean.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"892o512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_892o512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_klei512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hy09512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Streams are classified based on their size using a numbering system.\u00a0 The smallest are stream order\u00a0 #1, barely a trickle of water.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">If you look at the figure below, you may notice some unusual addition.\u00a0 It starts fine: when a stream order 1 combines with another stream order 1, it creates stream order 2.\u00a0 1 + 1 = 2, yes that looks correct.<\/p>\n<p>But, a stream order 2 does not change when a stream order 1 is added to it.\u00a0 If a stream order 2 combines with another stream order 2, it creates stream order 3.\u00a0 So 2 + 2 = 3.\u00a0 The reason is that it takes big increases in water (magnitude increases) to result in a significantly different stream.\u00a0 Two similar-sized streams have to come together to create the next order.<\/p>\n<p>To see whether this makes sense, what has to be added to stream order 3 to make it stream order 4?<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5a3h512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-1024x316.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"316\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vo2b512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Adding a stream order 3 to another stream order 3 would result in stream order 4.\u00a0 3 + 3 = 4<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"e01s512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_e01s512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_r5j3512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_awwb512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Here is an example of a third-order stream.\u00a0 It has shallow areas and some areas are shaded by trees.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_037c512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/434554427?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_azq3512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_zh6k512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6llf512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stream Order and Photosynthesis<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"7jco512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_7jco512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_nk9x512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3wlr512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">As a refresher, photosynthesis is the combination of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight energy, producing oxygen and energy-rich sugars.\u00a0 Only producers carry out this process.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Respiration is the opposite reaction: using sugars and oxygen and producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy.\u00a0 All organisms carry out some form of this process.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_fajq512 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xa4z512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/P-R-1-1024x568.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"568\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"vvo3512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_vvo3512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_d1yi512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_szyt512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/river-order-aerial-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_rb8f512 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_juce512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Stream order has an impact on how much photosynthesis occurs within the stream.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"o8id512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_o8id512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_3sx5512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lipe512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Smaller streams are heavily impacted by the <strong>riparian zone<\/strong>, the terrestrial area bordering a stream.\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_2045512 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ffzk512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/riparian-1024x767.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"jatv512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_jatv512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_a2vq512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_rfiy512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">In this video, note the wide variety of plants surrounding the stream and think about how they may impact organisms within the stream.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_nnah512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/434553727?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"0pag512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_0pag512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_i8vy512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_0ht1512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">The smallest streams (orders 1, 2, 3) have plenty of nutrients from the riparian zone (dirt, leaves, branches), but lower sunlight since plants are shading the water.\u00a0 Photosynthesis within the stream is low.\u00a0 There are organisms in the water that eat detritus like branches and leaves, so respiration is high.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">In middle-order streams (orders 4, 5, 6), light reaches the bottom and photosynthesis is high.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_rycc512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-small-mid-1024x319.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"319\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"eecg512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_eecg512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ic5t512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_b8vy512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">In large streams (orders 7, 8, 9 +), the water is deep and clouded with sediment washing in from upstream.\u00a0 Photosynthesis is low, although there are still many organisms respiring, living off food coming from the productive upstream orders.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_r7wl512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-high-1024x316.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"316\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"mrfd512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_mrfd512 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_6hur512 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"m39h512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_m39h512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_k1ru512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_amd4512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">We are making stops along Alsea River, known for Alsea Falls and camping, located about a half hour drive from Corvallis.\u00a0 Just like a terrestrial site, we can use the &#8220;Seven Steps&#8221; to survey the location.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">You can add your own &#8220;Seven Step&#8221; surveys of field sites to the final field guide, it would work well under Skills\/Description.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_pcfi512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454562419?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"sbfs512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_sbfs512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_358y512 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_1ztf512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454561963?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_peaz904 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_m213512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">This is a small stream but it is still complex with high biodiversity.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"oeq2512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_oeq2512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_marp512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_80o2512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">In our research with specific questions to answer, we would collect animals and algae for measurements using equipment like nets and collection vials.\u00a0 On this trip we are primarily using our cameras to get a feel of overall biodiversity.\u00a0 This is lower impact on the organisms and a broader view of the habitat.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_wiee512 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_l05g512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454880996?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"5cxe512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_5cxe512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_5k1f512 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_pnfo512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454876942?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        Aquatic insects are emerging and flying above the water.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_jc7m512 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_l7zi512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454558256?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        These incredible insect-made cases are evidence of caddisfly aquatic insect larva.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"mgtv512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_mgtv512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_dkhx512 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_wmvr512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454260396?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        Juga snails are common in our coastal montane streams.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_90qu512 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_qcic512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454880869?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        Juga are grazing on the algae growing on leaves that have fallen into the stream from the riparian zone.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"937v512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_937v512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_t80p512 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_yg0k512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454560192?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_cikb512 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_3ugr512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">We decided to purchase a GoPro camera for views we can&#8217;t get with the smart phone.\u00a0 It is a big investment, but splitting the cost and using it to &#8220;drive&#8221; outdoor adventures may make it a good purchase.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"fpj1512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_fpj1512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ii0h512 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_wx8k512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/457987776?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        One of the first videos and a sculpin fish is swimming around and a blue crayfish is sitting nearby.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gzef512 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_h40u512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/457989243?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        Swimsuits on, this must be what it feels like to be a trout!                     <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"100px,100px\" data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"kky1512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_kky1512 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_rubu512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_a4dd512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2727512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>We can&#8217;t discuss rivers without introducing the magnificent beavers!<\/strong><\/h4>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"wj7h512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_wj7h512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_mkz5512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yn1i512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Beavers are rodents with distinct structures.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_azcb512\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_b1ee512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_0gvy512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-teeth-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Orange Teeth\" alt=\"Beaver incisors contain iron which gives them an orange color and extra hardness.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Orange Teeth                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beaver incisors contain iron which gives them an orange color and extra hardness.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_vkwy512\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_241n512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-fur-b-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Waterproof\" alt=\"Beavers have dense fur that they continually groom and cover with an oily substance called castoreum, secreted from scent glands.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Waterproof                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers have dense fur that they continually groom and cover with an oily substance called castoreum, secreted from scent glands.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_4pk1512 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5d6c512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-fat-1024x847.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Extra Fat\" alt=\"Beavers have a dense layer of fat that insulates them in cold water.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Extra Fat                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers have a dense layer of fat that insulates them in cold water.          <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"rakr512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_rakr512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ewgk512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_g5k2512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Beaver use their webbed rear feet and flat tails to push through water.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_q195512 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309050579?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dpa3512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Beaver enclosure at the Oregon Zoo, Portland.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"b1nv512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_b1nv512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ern6512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u8x3512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Beavers have elaborate social behaviors.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_3w74512\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_g6al512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_v64k512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-baby-1-1024x693.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Extended Families\" alt=\"A family generally starts with a monogamous pair, but grows with generations of offspring and sometimes their mates as well.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Extended Families                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            A family generally starts with a monogamous pair, but grows with generations of offspring and sometimes their mates as well.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_it7p512\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_9qrw512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Beaver-Tail-background-1024x686.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Communication\" alt=\"Beavers use a mix of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile forms of communication.   A tail slapping on the water warns others of a potential predator.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Communication                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers use a mix of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile forms of communication.   A tail slapping on the water warns others of a potential predator.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_y6ei512 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7byx512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-territorial-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Territoriality\" alt=\"Beaver families defend a territory around their lodge and dam.   Scent marking communicates borders to other beavers.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Territoriality                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beaver families defend a territory around their lodge and dam.   Scent marking communicates borders to other beavers.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"r329512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_r329512 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_wik2512 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"vbz4512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_vbz4512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_0zdp512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_gedu512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6><strong>Beavers are a keystone species.\u00a0 Although they have a low total biomass compared to many other species, their tree removal and dam building have a substantial impact on the environment.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_io1g512\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_dnn7512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7pr3512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-nutrients-b-1024x680.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Nutrient Retention\" alt=\"Nutrients build up behind dams; the water slows and particles settle.  The rich sediment supports complex food webs.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Nutrient Retention                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Nutrients build up behind dams; the water slows and particles settle.  The rich sediment supports complex food webs.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_s643512 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fpne512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-habitats-b-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Diverse Habitats\" alt=\"Beaver dams can transform a uniform habitat like a forest or meadow into a patchwork of habitats with the addition of a pond and wetland.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Diverse Habitats                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beaver dams can transform a uniform habitat like a forest or meadow into a patchwork of habitats with the addition of a pond and wetland.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"844e512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_844e512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_bczb512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_479v512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Humans have had a complex relationship with beavers.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_2mux512\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_z86l512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_co12512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-totem-768x1024.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Cultural Significance\" alt=\"Beavers have lasting impact on the cultures in their regions.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Cultural Significance                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers have lasting impact on the cultures in their regions.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_tb6z512\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_4lmg512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-trees-1024x671.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Habitat Alteration\" alt=\"Beavers can damage trees and alter the course of streams through property.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Habitat Alteration                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers can damage trees and alter the course of streams through property.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_p284512 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_qeys512 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-family-1024x657.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Busy as a Beaver\" alt=\"Beavers are an icon for continual and cooperative work.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Busy as a Beaver                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers are an icon for continual and cooperative work.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"afj2512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_afj2512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_j4ji512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_zq9p512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-02-at-2.12.57-AM.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"442\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_iouy512 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4a5e512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Streams can be impacted by seasons.\u00a0 In tundra environments, streams can completely freeze.\u00a0 In deserts, streams can completely dry out.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"1knb512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_1knb512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_xmax512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kwou512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Streams can change over time, new channels can form or fill in with soil.\u00a0 Species come and go as stream conditions change.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_jwm0512 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_g3oi512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-02-at-2.13.08-AM.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"442\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"t3vb512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_t3vb512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gf5p512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7oax512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/l-beaver-dam-1024x681.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_ii1t512 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5tlv512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Beavers can initiate succession by building dams in streams that block water flow and can cause ponds to form.\u00a0 What are two ecosystem advantages of beaver dams?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"50px,50px\" data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"tf9u512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_tf9u512 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_znah512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_b09r512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"ocos512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_ocos512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_m8vi512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pba8512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>In the next section we will examine freshwater bodies that are relatively still: lakes and ponds.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"n8n1512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_n8n1512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_yf0h512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_kb5w512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-01-at-11.26.49-PM.png\" width=\"922\" height=\"655\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_6qj0512 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ykp3512    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7xg0512    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>describe how stream orders are calculated as streams increase in size?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>link stream order to levels of photosynthesis?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain how streams can change over time, including the characteristics and impact of beavers?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"68fl512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_68fl512 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_43cd512 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ycnz512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_d15u512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Geologic Time Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_2dbd512 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_r80l512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_c60t512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Lakes Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_6gf8512 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_hoz0512 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_f4k1512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Long-Term Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_6j1r512 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #3f8f76;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bwnr512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_vwjs512\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_3zpt512 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_y998512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Geologic Time\" alt=\"Geologic Time\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\">\n                        Geologic Time                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_8yap512\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_r6v3512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Streams - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Streams - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Streams - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_mh8p512\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_mgql512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Lakes\" alt=\"Lakes\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\">\n                        Lakes                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_5i8k512 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5yaf512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/wetlands\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Wetlands\" alt=\"Wetlands\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/wetlands\/#\">\n                        Wetlands                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"9qoj512\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_9qoj512 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_4 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_42ew512 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_yyal512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_z2b9512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 7<\/h3>\n<h5>Change<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_hkin512\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_qisa512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t0tk512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>7B: Long-Term<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_gsnq512\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5pav512 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/products\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_rk7d512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Products Information<\/h3>\n<h5>7B: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_xm5j512 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_p1x8512 image-top drop-shadow circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kgq6512   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Streams Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":28779,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-28836","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<h1>Streams<br\/>Flowing Water & Terrestrial Impacts<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-01-at-11.26.49-PM.png\" width=\"922\" height=\"655\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<h3><strong>Streams Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Describe how stream orders are calculated as streams increase in size.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Link stream order to levels of photosynthesis.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain how streams can change over time, including the characteristics and impact of beavers.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454561311[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">We are heading into freshwater ecosystems, starting with streams.\u00a0 As always, this begins with considering safety.\u00a0 If you spend a lot of time in streams fishing or kayaking, this may mean investing in specialized gear.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock_1585363855-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1575\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Streams have flowing water moving from one point to another, typically downhill towards larger streams, and eventually the ocean.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Streams are classified based on their size using a numbering system.\u00a0 The smallest are stream order\u00a0 #1, barely a trickle of water.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: center;\">If you look at the figure below, you may notice some unusual addition.\u00a0 It starts fine: when a stream order 1 combines with another stream order 1, it creates stream order 2.\u00a0 1 + 1 = 2, yes that looks correct.<\/p> <p>But, a stream order 2 does not change when a stream order 1 is added to it.\u00a0 If a stream order 2 combines with another stream order 2, it creates stream order 3.\u00a0 So 2 + 2 = 3.\u00a0 The reason is that it takes big increases in water (magnitude increases) to result in a significantly different stream.\u00a0 Two similar-sized streams have to come together to create the next order.<\/p> <p>To see whether this makes sense, what has to be added to stream order 3 to make it stream order 4?<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-1024x316.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"316\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Adding a stream order 3 to another stream order 3 would result in stream order 4.\u00a0 3 + 3 = 4<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Here is an example of a third-order stream.\u00a0 It has shallow areas and some areas are shaded by trees.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/434554427[\/embed]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stream Order and Photosynthesis<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">As a refresher, photosynthesis is the combination of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight energy, producing oxygen and energy-rich sugars.\u00a0 Only producers carry out this process.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Respiration is the opposite reaction: using sugars and oxygen and producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy.\u00a0 All organisms carry out some form of this process.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/P-R-1-1024x568.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"568\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/river-order-aerial-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Stream order has an impact on how much photosynthesis occurs within the stream.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Smaller streams are heavily impacted by the <strong>riparian zone<\/strong>, the terrestrial area bordering a stream.\u00a0<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/riparian-1024x767.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">In this video, note the wide variety of plants surrounding the stream and think about how they may impact organisms within the stream.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/434553727[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The smallest streams (orders 1, 2, 3) have plenty of nutrients from the riparian zone (dirt, leaves, branches), but lower sunlight since plants are shading the water.\u00a0 Photosynthesis within the stream is low.\u00a0 There are organisms in the water that eat detritus like branches and leaves, so respiration is high.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: center;\">In middle-order streams (orders 4, 5, 6), light reaches the bottom and photosynthesis is high.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-small-mid-1024x319.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"319\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">In large streams (orders 7, 8, 9 +), the water is deep and clouded with sediment washing in from upstream.\u00a0 Photosynthesis is low, although there are still many organisms respiring, living off food coming from the productive upstream orders.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-high-1024x316.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"316\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">We are making stops along Alsea River, known for Alsea Falls and camping, located about a half hour drive from Corvallis.\u00a0 Just like a terrestrial site, we can use the \"Seven Steps\" to survey the location.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: center;\">You can add your own \"Seven Step\" surveys of field sites to the final field guide, it would work well under Skills\/Description.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454562419[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454561963[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">This is a small stream but it is still complex with high biodiversity.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">In our research with specific questions to answer, we would collect animals and algae for measurements using equipment like nets and collection vials.\u00a0 On this trip we are primarily using our cameras to get a feel of overall biodiversity.\u00a0 This is lower impact on the organisms and a broader view of the habitat.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454880996[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454876942[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454558256[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454260396[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454880869[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454560192[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">We decided to purchase a GoPro camera for views we can't get with the smart phone.\u00a0 It is a big investment, but splitting the cost and using it to \"drive\" outdoor adventures may make it a good purchase.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/457987776[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/457989243[\/embed]\n\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>We can't discuss rivers without introducing the magnificent beavers!<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Beavers are rodents with distinct structures.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-teeth-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Orange Teeth\" alt=\"Beaver incisors contain iron which gives them an orange color and extra hardness.\"> <h3> Orange Teeth <\/h3> Beaver incisors contain iron which gives them an orange color and extra hardness.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-fur-b-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Waterproof\" alt=\"Beavers have dense fur that they continually groom and cover with an oily substance called castoreum, secreted from scent glands.\"> <h3> Waterproof <\/h3> Beavers have dense fur that they continually groom and cover with an oily substance called castoreum, secreted from scent glands.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-fat-1024x847.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Extra Fat\" alt=\"Beavers have a dense layer of fat that insulates them in cold water.\"> <h3> Extra Fat <\/h3> Beavers have a dense layer of fat that insulates them in cold water.\n<h5><strong>Beaver use their webbed rear feet and flat tails to push through water.<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309050579[\/embed]\n<p>Beaver enclosure at the Oregon Zoo, Portland.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Beavers have elaborate social behaviors.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-baby-1-1024x693.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Extended Families\" alt=\"A family generally starts with a monogamous pair, but grows with generations of offspring and sometimes their mates as well.\"> <h3> Extended Families <\/h3> A family generally starts with a monogamous pair, but grows with generations of offspring and sometimes their mates as well.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Beaver-Tail-background-1024x686.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Communication\" alt=\"Beavers use a mix of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile forms of communication. A tail slapping on the water warns others of a potential predator.\"> <h3> Communication <\/h3> Beavers use a mix of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile forms of communication. A tail slapping on the water warns others of a potential predator.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-territorial-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Territoriality\" alt=\"Beaver families defend a territory around their lodge and dam. Scent marking communicates borders to other beavers.\"> <h3> Territoriality <\/h3> Beaver families defend a territory around their lodge and dam. Scent marking communicates borders to other beavers.\n<h6><strong>Beavers are a keystone species.\u00a0 Although they have a low total biomass compared to many other species, their tree removal and dam building have a substantial impact on the environment.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-nutrients-b-1024x680.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Nutrient Retention\" alt=\"Nutrients build up behind dams; the water slows and particles settle. The rich sediment supports complex food webs.\"> <h3> Nutrient Retention <\/h3> Nutrients build up behind dams; the water slows and particles settle. The rich sediment supports complex food webs.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-habitats-b-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Diverse Habitats\" alt=\"Beaver dams can transform a uniform habitat like a forest or meadow into a patchwork of habitats with the addition of a pond and wetland.\"> <h3> Diverse Habitats <\/h3> Beaver dams can transform a uniform habitat like a forest or meadow into a patchwork of habitats with the addition of a pond and wetland.\n<h5><strong>Humans have had a complex relationship with beavers.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-totem-768x1024.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Cultural Significance\" alt=\"Beavers have lasting impact on the cultures in their regions.\"> <h3> Cultural Significance <\/h3> Beavers have lasting impact on the cultures in their regions.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-trees-1024x671.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Habitat Alteration\" alt=\"Beavers can damage trees and alter the course of streams through property.\"> <h3> Habitat Alteration <\/h3> Beavers can damage trees and alter the course of streams through property.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-family-1024x657.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Busy as a Beaver\" alt=\"Beavers are an icon for continual and cooperative work.\"> <h3> Busy as a Beaver <\/h3> Beavers are an icon for continual and cooperative work.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-02-at-2.12.57-AM.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"442\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Streams can be impacted by seasons.\u00a0 In tundra environments, streams can completely freeze.\u00a0 In deserts, streams can completely dry out.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Streams can change over time, new channels can form or fill in with soil.\u00a0 Species come and go as stream conditions change.<\/strong><\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-02-at-2.13.08-AM.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"442\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/l-beaver-dam-1024x681.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Beavers can initiate succession by building dams in streams that block water flow and can cause ponds to form.\u00a0 What are two ecosystem advantages of beaver dams?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h5>In the next section we will examine freshwater bodies that are relatively still: lakes and ponds.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-01-at-11.26.49-PM.png\" width=\"922\" height=\"655\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\">\n<h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>describe how stream orders are calculated as streams increase in size?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>link stream order to levels of photosynthesis?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain how streams can change over time, including the characteristics and impact of beavers?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Geologic Time Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Lakes Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Long-Term Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Complete all four of these sections before taking the quiz and making your media piece.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Geologic Time\" alt=\"Geologic Time\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\"> Geologic Time <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Streams - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Streams - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Streams - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Lakes\" alt=\"Lakes\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\"> Lakes <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/wetlands\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Wetlands\" alt=\"Wetlands\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/wetlands\/#\"> Wetlands <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 7<\/h3> <h5>Change<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>7B: Long-Term<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/products\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Product-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Products Information<\/h3> <h5>7B: Quiz &amp; Media<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"7b2 Streams\" alt=\"7b2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28836"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29075,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28836\/revisions\/29075"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}