{"id":29330,"date":"2025-11-06T03:05:17","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T03:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=29330"},"modified":"2025-11-06T21:44:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T21:44:31","slug":"streams","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/streams\/","title":{"rendered":"7a2 Streams"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-29330\" data-postid=\"29330\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-29330 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"oq6w20\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_oq6w20 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ybj520 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_iu3k20 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_vxid20  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Streams            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Flowing Water &amp; Terrestrial Impacts            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1sgw20 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"fqgz20\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_fqgz20 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_oah320 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_y89k20 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-01-at-11.26.49-PM.png\" width=\"922\" height=\"655\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_4u1x20 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_rzzj20    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Streams Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_jj8v20    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Describe how stream orders are calculated as streams increase in size.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Link stream order to levels of photosynthesis.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Explain how streams can change over time, including the characteristics and impact of beavers.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"wu4320\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_wu4320 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_evwz20 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_xh5k20 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454561311?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_a3ls20 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_e10220   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">We are heading into freshwater ecosystems, starting with streams.\u00a0 As always, this begins with considering safety.\u00a0 If you spend a lot of time in streams fishing or kayaking, this may mean investing in specialized gear.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"nnon20\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_nnon20 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_jn1420 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"85xq20\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_85xq20 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_iqpf20 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ltti20 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock_1585363855-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1575\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_qkwm20 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9lgb20   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Streams have flowing water moving from one point to another, typically downhill towards larger streams, and eventually the ocean.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"ch1r19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_ch1r19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_q4p319 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dtx720   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Streams are classified based on their size using a numbering system.\u00a0 The smallest are stream order\u00a0 #1, barely a trickle of water.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">If you look at the figure below, you may notice some unusual addition.\u00a0 It starts fine: when a stream order 1 combines with another stream order 1, it creates stream order 2.\u00a0 1 + 1 = 2, yes that looks correct.<\/p>\n<p>But, a stream order 2 does not change when a stream order 1 is added to it.\u00a0 If a stream order 2 combines with another stream order 2, it creates stream order 3.\u00a0 So 2 + 2 = 3.\u00a0 The reason is that it takes big increases in water (magnitude increases) to result in a significantly different stream.\u00a0 Two similar-sized streams have to come together to create the next order.<\/p>\n<p>To see whether this makes sense, what has to be added to stream order 3 to make it stream order 4?<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_xfiv20 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-1024x316.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"316\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_eq6c19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Adding a stream order 3 to another stream order 3 would result in stream order 4.\u00a0 3 + 3 = 4<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"r9af19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_r9af19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_wxru19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_j8q519   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Here is an example of a third-order stream.\u00a0 It has shallow areas and some areas are shaded by trees.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_ag1219 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/434554427?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_zujy19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_k77k19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t99719   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stream Order and Photosynthesis<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"8h5f19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_8h5f19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_a1r819 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_l6p919   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>As a refresher, photosynthesis is the combination of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight energy, producing oxygen and energy-rich sugars.\u00a0 Only producers carry out this process.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Respiration is the opposite reaction: using sugars and oxygen and producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy.\u00a0 All organisms carry out some form of this process.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_vyin19 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_6ryd19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/P-R-1-1024x568.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"568\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"1s7519\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_1s7519 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_g84d19 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_88c319 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/river-order-aerial-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_2c5u19 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ej8l19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Stream order has an impact on how much photosynthesis occurs within the stream.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"e4an19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_e4an19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_8opg19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lw9x19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">Smaller streams are heavily impacted by the <strong>riparian zone<\/strong>, the terrestrial area bordering a stream.\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_25in19 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ih5f19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/riparian-1024x767.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"j3sk19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_j3sk19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_iy7c19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q3jp19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">In this video, note the wide variety of plants surrounding the stream and think about how they may impact organisms within the stream.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_z3vf19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/434553727?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"t13719\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_t13719 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_n93g19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cwc019   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">The smallest streams (orders 1, 2, 3) have plenty of nutrients from the riparian zone (dirt, leaves, branches), but lower sunlight since plants are shading the water.\u00a0 Photosynthesis within the stream is low.\u00a0 There are organisms in the water that eat detritus like branches and leaves, so respiration is high.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">In middle-order streams (orders 4, 5, 6), light reaches the bottom and photosynthesis is high.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_n2tt19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-small-mid-1024x319.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"319\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"wujt19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_wujt19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_77zb19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wzb719   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">In large streams (orders 7, 8, 9 +), the water is deep and clouded with sediment washing in from upstream.\u00a0 Photosynthesis is low, although there are still many organisms respiring, living off food coming from the productive upstream orders.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_16hj19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-high-1024x316.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"316\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"k8d519\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_k8d519 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_inhg19 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"xhyj19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_xhyj19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_3zfh19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lbr319   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">We are making stops along Alsea River, known for Alsea Falls and camping, located about a half hour drive from Corvallis.\u00a0 Just like a terrestrial site, we can use the &#8220;Seven Steps&#8221; to survey the location.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">You can add your own &#8220;Seven Step&#8221; surveys of field sites to the final field guide, it would work well under Skills\/Description.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_eifm19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454562419?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"5npi19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_5npi19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_e6o619 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_w0dk19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454561963?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_nbzp19 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xw1d19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">This is a small stream but it is still complex with high biodiversity.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_n74d19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_yool19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_mlzj19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\">In our research with specific questions to answer, we would collect animals and algae for measurements using equipment like nets and collection vials.\u00a0 On this trip we are primarily using our cameras to get a feel of overall biodiversity.\u00a0 This is lower impact on the organisms and a broader view of the habitat.<\/p>\n<h6>\u00a0<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_9igi19 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_kujv19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454880996?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ej3119\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ej3119 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_slk719 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_b7dv19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454876942?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        Aquatic insects are emerging and flying above the water.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_g8vn19 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_rffg19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454558256?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        These incredible insect-made cases are evidence of caddisfly aquatic insect larva.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"e7v519\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_e7v519 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_n6do19 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_pedk19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454260396?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        Juga snails are common in our coastal montane streams.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_z9qx19 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_cscl19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454880869?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        Juga are grazing on the algae growing on leaves that have fallen into the stream from the riparian zone.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"9pu619\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_9pu619 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_zzex19 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_5msv19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/454560192?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_fno019 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1gdz19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\">We decided to purchase a GoPro camera for views we can&#8217;t get with the smart phone.\u00a0 It is a big investment, but splitting the cost and using it to &#8220;drive&#8221; outdoor adventures may make it a good purchase.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"4d8q19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_4d8q19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_nh9119 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_ebro19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/457987776?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        One of the first videos and a sculpin fish is swimming around and a blue crayfish is sitting nearby.                    <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_3we419 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_ptpc19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/457989243?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n                    <div class=\"video-content\">\n                \n                                    <div class=\"video-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n                        Swimsuits on, this must be what it feels like to be a trout!                     <\/div>\n                    <!-- \/video-caption -->\n                            <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-content -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"100px,100px\" data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"z3cv19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_z3cv19 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_s85r19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_f82z19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cixc19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>We can&#8217;t discuss rivers without introducing the magnificent beavers!<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"xory19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_xory19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_tz8119 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_g0o719   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p><strong>Beavers are rodents with distinct structures.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_jjv319\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_25ec19 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_vjs319 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-teeth-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Orange Teeth\" alt=\"Beaver incisors contain iron which gives them an orange color and extra hardness.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Orange Teeth                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beaver incisors contain iron which gives them an orange color and extra hardness.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_6ocl19\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_jrsm19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-fur-b-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Waterproof\" alt=\"Beavers have dense fur that they continually groom and cover with an oily substance called castoreum, secreted from scent glands.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Waterproof                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers have dense fur that they continually groom and cover with an oily substance called castoreum, secreted from scent glands.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_kxx219 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_anpr19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-fat-1024x847.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Extra Fat\" alt=\"Beavers have a dense layer of fat that insulates them in cold water.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Extra Fat                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers have a dense layer of fat that insulates them in cold water.          <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"mb0919\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_mb0919 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_okw719 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ddw319   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Beaver use their webbed rear feet and flat tails to push through water.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_k2qm19 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/309050579?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_mvcc19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Beaver enclosure at the Oregon Zoo, Portland.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"144x19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_144x19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_1tah19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kieh19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Beavers have elaborate social behaviors.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_tscp19\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_p30k19 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_l1cl19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-baby-1-1024x693.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Extended Families\" alt=\"A family generally starts with a monogamous pair, but grows with generations of offspring and sometimes their mates as well.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Extended Families                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            A family generally starts with a monogamous pair, but grows with generations of offspring and sometimes their mates as well.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_vk4i19\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1i9n19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Beaver-Tail-background-1024x686.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Communication\" alt=\"Beavers use a mix of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile forms of communication.   A tail slapping on the water warns others of a potential predator.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Communication                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers use a mix of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile forms of communication.   A tail slapping on the water warns others of a potential predator.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_av4f19 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_qvmr19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-territorial-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Territoriality\" alt=\"Beaver families defend a territory around their lodge and dam.   Scent marking communicates borders to other beavers.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Territoriality                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beaver families defend a territory around their lodge and dam.   Scent marking communicates borders to other beavers.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"y5p719\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_y5p719 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_7xki19 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"xme319\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_xme319 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_xwvz19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_i5ia19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Beavers are a keystone species.\u00a0 Although they have a low total biomass compared to many other species, their tree removal and dam building have a substantial impact on the environment.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_sflw19\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_g6nj19 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_npoa19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-nutrients-b-1024x680.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Nutrient Retention\" alt=\"Nutrients build up behind dams; the water slows and particles settle.  The rich sediment supports complex food webs.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Nutrient Retention                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Nutrients build up behind dams; the water slows and particles settle.  The rich sediment supports complex food webs.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_1jgz19 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5qqn19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-habitats-b-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Diverse Habitats\" alt=\"Beaver dams can transform a uniform habitat like a forest or meadow into a patchwork of habitats with the addition of a pond and wetland.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Diverse Habitats                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beaver dams can transform a uniform habitat like a forest or meadow into a patchwork of habitats with the addition of a pond and wetland.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"4zqg19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_4zqg19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_5yrr19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xfc719   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Humans have a complex relationship with beavers.<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tb_939a19\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_r9cv19 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_uo7s19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-totem-768x1024.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Cultural Significance\" alt=\"Beavers have lasting impact on the cultures in their regions.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Cultural Significance                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers have lasting impact on the cultures in their regions.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_0so019\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_z7po19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-trees-1024x671.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Habitat Alteration\" alt=\"Beavers can damage trees and alter the course of streams through property.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Habitat Alteration                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers can damage trees and alter the course of streams through property.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_am3019 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_bobb19 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-family-1024x657.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Busy as a Beaver\" alt=\"Beavers are an icon for continual and cooperative work.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Busy as a Beaver                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Beavers are an icon for continual and cooperative work.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"03yn19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_03yn19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_0ajh19 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_d5mu19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-02-at-2.12.57-AM.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"442\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_k9xo19 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ky5t19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Streams can be impacted by seasons.\u00a0 In tundra environments, streams can completely freeze.\u00a0 In deserts, streams can completely dry out.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"vl5q19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_vl5q19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_d3w319 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pzn419   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Streams can change over time, new channels can form or fill in with soil.\u00a0 Species come and go as stream conditions change.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_hopp19 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_oi8b19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-02-at-2.13.08-AM.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"442\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"66a319\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_66a319 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_w2pw19 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ipv619 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/l-beaver-dam-1024x681.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_5zqf19 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5p3o19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Beavers can initiate succession by building dams in streams that block water flow and can cause ponds to form.\u00a0 What are two ecosystem advantages of beaver dams?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"50px,50px\" data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"ybe619\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_ybe619 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_qh0x19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ly4r19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"41zb19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_41zb19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_xjoa19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_si2h19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>In the next section we will examine freshwater bodies that are relatively still: lakes and ponds.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"xtea19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_xtea19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_45eq19 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_j4dt19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-01-at-11.26.49-PM.png\" width=\"922\" height=\"655\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_m91e19 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ewqi19    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_eosv19    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>describe how stream orders are calculated as streams increase in size?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>link stream order to levels of photosynthesis?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>explain how streams can change over time, including the characteristics and impact of beavers?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0plu19\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0plu19 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_6s8j19 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5ei719 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_rv4l19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Geologic Time Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_096819 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_yfmk19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xzlb19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go forward to the Lakes Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_a4oc19 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_r5bm19 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_w1mk19   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Long-Term Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_kbkn19 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #3f8f76;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7p3819   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_x8sy19\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_7yd119 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_pgv419 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Geologic Time\" alt=\"Geologic Time\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\">\n                        Geologic Time                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_b2xn19\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ohuj19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Streams - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Streams - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Streams - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_q0dg19\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_m1mw19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Lakes\" alt=\"Lakes\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\">\n                        Lakes                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_huu419 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_y3xy19 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/wetlands\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Wetlands\" alt=\"Wetlands\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/wetlands\/#\">\n                        Wetlands                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"8fjm80\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_8fjm80 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_5slw80 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_wjgp80 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_i9hb80   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 7<\/h3>\n<h5>Change<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_pm7l80\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_fu3p80 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_e6fb80   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>Long-Term<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_2kvz80 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2pz180 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_eplj80   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Streams Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":29250,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29330","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<h1>Streams<br\/>Flowing Water & Terrestrial Impacts<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-01-at-11.26.49-PM.png\" width=\"922\" height=\"655\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<h3><strong>Streams Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Describe how stream orders are calculated as streams increase in size.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Link stream order to levels of photosynthesis.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Explain how streams can change over time, including the characteristics and impact of beavers.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454561311[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">We are heading into freshwater ecosystems, starting with streams.\u00a0 As always, this begins with considering safety.\u00a0 If you spend a lot of time in streams fishing or kayaking, this may mean investing in specialized gear.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock_1585363855-scaled.jpg\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1575\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Streams have flowing water moving from one point to another, typically downhill towards larger streams, and eventually the ocean.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Streams are classified based on their size using a numbering system.\u00a0 The smallest are stream order\u00a0 #1, barely a trickle of water.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: center;\">If you look at the figure below, you may notice some unusual addition.\u00a0 It starts fine: when a stream order 1 combines with another stream order 1, it creates stream order 2.\u00a0 1 + 1 = 2, yes that looks correct.<\/p> <p>But, a stream order 2 does not change when a stream order 1 is added to it.\u00a0 If a stream order 2 combines with another stream order 2, it creates stream order 3.\u00a0 So 2 + 2 = 3.\u00a0 The reason is that it takes big increases in water (magnitude increases) to result in a significantly different stream.\u00a0 Two similar-sized streams have to come together to create the next order.<\/p> <p>To see whether this makes sense, what has to be added to stream order 3 to make it stream order 4?<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-1024x316.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"316\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Adding a stream order 3 to another stream order 3 would result in stream order 4.\u00a0 3 + 3 = 4<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Here is an example of a third-order stream.\u00a0 It has shallow areas and some areas are shaded by trees.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/434554427[\/embed]\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stream Order and Photosynthesis<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>As a refresher, photosynthesis is the combination of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight energy, producing oxygen and energy-rich sugars.\u00a0 Only producers carry out this process.<\/strong><\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Respiration is the opposite reaction: using sugars and oxygen and producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy.\u00a0 All organisms carry out some form of this process.<\/strong><\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/P-R-1-1024x568.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"568\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/river-order-aerial-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Stream order has an impact on how much photosynthesis occurs within the stream.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Smaller streams are heavily impacted by the <strong>riparian zone<\/strong>, the terrestrial area bordering a stream.\u00a0<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/riparian-1024x767.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">In this video, note the wide variety of plants surrounding the stream and think about how they may impact organisms within the stream.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/434553727[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The smallest streams (orders 1, 2, 3) have plenty of nutrients from the riparian zone (dirt, leaves, branches), but lower sunlight since plants are shading the water.\u00a0 Photosynthesis within the stream is low.\u00a0 There are organisms in the water that eat detritus like branches and leaves, so respiration is high.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: center;\">In middle-order streams (orders 4, 5, 6), light reaches the bottom and photosynthesis is high.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-small-mid-1024x319.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"319\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">In large streams (orders 7, 8, 9 +), the water is deep and clouded with sediment washing in from upstream.\u00a0 Photosynthesis is low, although there are still many organisms respiring, living off food coming from the productive upstream orders.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stream-order-high-1024x316.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"316\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">We are making stops along Alsea River, known for Alsea Falls and camping, located about a half hour drive from Corvallis.\u00a0 Just like a terrestrial site, we can use the \"Seven Steps\" to survey the location.<\/p> <p style=\"text-align: center;\">You can add your own \"Seven Step\" surveys of field sites to the final field guide, it would work well under Skills\/Description.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454562419[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454561963[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">This is a small stream but it is still complex with high biodiversity.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">In our research with specific questions to answer, we would collect animals and algae for measurements using equipment like nets and collection vials.\u00a0 On this trip we are primarily using our cameras to get a feel of overall biodiversity.\u00a0 This is lower impact on the organisms and a broader view of the habitat.<\/p> <h6>\u00a0<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454880996[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454876942[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454558256[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454260396[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454880869[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/454560192[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">We decided to purchase a GoPro camera for views we can't get with the smart phone.\u00a0 It is a big investment, but splitting the cost and using it to \"drive\" outdoor adventures may make it a good purchase.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/457987776[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/457989243[\/embed]\n\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>We can't discuss rivers without introducing the magnificent beavers!<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Beavers are rodents with distinct structures.<\/strong><\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-teeth-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Orange Teeth\" alt=\"Beaver incisors contain iron which gives them an orange color and extra hardness.\"> <h3> Orange Teeth <\/h3> Beaver incisors contain iron which gives them an orange color and extra hardness.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-fur-b-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Waterproof\" alt=\"Beavers have dense fur that they continually groom and cover with an oily substance called castoreum, secreted from scent glands.\"> <h3> Waterproof <\/h3> Beavers have dense fur that they continually groom and cover with an oily substance called castoreum, secreted from scent glands.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-fat-1024x847.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Extra Fat\" alt=\"Beavers have a dense layer of fat that insulates them in cold water.\"> <h3> Extra Fat <\/h3> Beavers have a dense layer of fat that insulates them in cold water.\n<h5><strong>Beaver use their webbed rear feet and flat tails to push through water.<\/strong><\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/309050579[\/embed]\n<p>Beaver enclosure at the Oregon Zoo, Portland.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Beavers have elaborate social behaviors.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-baby-1-1024x693.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Extended Families\" alt=\"A family generally starts with a monogamous pair, but grows with generations of offspring and sometimes their mates as well.\"> <h3> Extended Families <\/h3> A family generally starts with a monogamous pair, but grows with generations of offspring and sometimes their mates as well.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Beaver-Tail-background-1024x686.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Communication\" alt=\"Beavers use a mix of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile forms of communication. A tail slapping on the water warns others of a potential predator.\"> <h3> Communication <\/h3> Beavers use a mix of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile forms of communication. A tail slapping on the water warns others of a potential predator.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-territorial-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Territoriality\" alt=\"Beaver families defend a territory around their lodge and dam. Scent marking communicates borders to other beavers.\"> <h3> Territoriality <\/h3> Beaver families defend a territory around their lodge and dam. Scent marking communicates borders to other beavers.\n<h5><strong>Beavers are a keystone species.\u00a0 Although they have a low total biomass compared to many other species, their tree removal and dam building have a substantial impact on the environment.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-nutrients-b-1024x680.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Nutrient Retention\" alt=\"Nutrients build up behind dams; the water slows and particles settle. The rich sediment supports complex food webs.\"> <h3> Nutrient Retention <\/h3> Nutrients build up behind dams; the water slows and particles settle. The rich sediment supports complex food webs.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-habitats-b-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Diverse Habitats\" alt=\"Beaver dams can transform a uniform habitat like a forest or meadow into a patchwork of habitats with the addition of a pond and wetland.\"> <h3> Diverse Habitats <\/h3> Beaver dams can transform a uniform habitat like a forest or meadow into a patchwork of habitats with the addition of a pond and wetland.\n<h5><strong>Humans have a complex relationship with beavers.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-totem-768x1024.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Cultural Significance\" alt=\"Beavers have lasting impact on the cultures in their regions.\"> <h3> Cultural Significance <\/h3> Beavers have lasting impact on the cultures in their regions.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-trees-1024x671.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Habitat Alteration\" alt=\"Beavers can damage trees and alter the course of streams through property.\"> <h3> Habitat Alteration <\/h3> Beavers can damage trees and alter the course of streams through property.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/beaver-family-1024x657.jpg\" width=\"566\" height=\"346\" title=\"Busy as a Beaver\" alt=\"Beavers are an icon for continual and cooperative work.\"> <h3> Busy as a Beaver <\/h3> Beavers are an icon for continual and cooperative work.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-02-at-2.12.57-AM.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"442\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Streams can be impacted by seasons.\u00a0 In tundra environments, streams can completely freeze.\u00a0 In deserts, streams can completely dry out.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Streams can change over time, new channels can form or fill in with soil.\u00a0 Species come and go as stream conditions change.<\/strong><\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-02-at-2.13.08-AM.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"442\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/l-beaver-dam-1024x681.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Beavers can initiate succession by building dams in streams that block water flow and can cause ponds to form.\u00a0 What are two ecosystem advantages of beaver dams?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h5>In the next section we will examine freshwater bodies that are relatively still: lakes and ponds.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Screen-Shot-2020-11-01-at-11.26.49-PM.png\" width=\"922\" height=\"655\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\">\n<h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>describe how stream orders are calculated as streams increase in size?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>link stream order to levels of photosynthesis?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>explain how streams can change over time, including the characteristics and impact of beavers?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Geologic Time Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go forward to the Lakes Page<\/h5>\n<h3>Long-Term Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Geologic Time\" alt=\"Geologic Time\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/geologic-time\/#\"> Geologic Time <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Streams - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Streams - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Streams - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Lakes\" alt=\"Lakes\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/lakes\/#\"> Lakes <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/wetlands\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Wetlands\" alt=\"Wetlands\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/wetlands\/#\"> Wetlands <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 7<\/h3> <h5>Change<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/change\/long-term\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>Long-Term<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"7a2 Streams\" alt=\"7a2 Streams\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29330"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29517,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29330\/revisions\/29517"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}