{"id":29859,"date":"2025-11-07T04:32:28","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T04:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/?page_id=29859"},"modified":"2025-11-14T20:47:07","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T20:47:07","slug":"arboretum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/arboretum\/","title":{"rendered":"8b4 Arboretum"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-29859\" data-postid=\"29859\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-29859 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"5e36674\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_5e36674 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_rhw9674 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_s2om674 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_z2ou674  tb_hide_divider\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Arboretum            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                    Collections of Trees for Study            <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_qzsg674 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"jrp4674\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_jrp4674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gisw674 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7ero674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/a4-1.jpg\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_0f7x674 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_e7e3674    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3><strong>Arboretum Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_udpv674    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>Provide examples of different types of arboretums including the functions they serve.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Identify different parts of a cross-section of a tree stem and provide examples of different types of wood.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Distinguish between different structures used to classify trees.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"p6yk674\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_p6yk674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_qkbx674 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_grht674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>An arboretum is a collection of trees that can be grown for research, educational, and\/or recreational purposes.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"9ij513\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_9ij513 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_snrz13 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_ckg613 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/353296228?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_10d413 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_271w13   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">If you are driving south on I-5 between Portland and Corvallis, a highlight is the &#8220;Grove of the States&#8221; collection of trees located at the French Prairie Rest Area.\u00a0 Besides the usual restrooms and occasional free coffee, there are state trees from most of the 50 states.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"5a1d674\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_5a1d674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_58jm674 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1cbc674 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/mark-tree-grove-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_dyar674 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_y7ru674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>Not all of the trees have made it; their climate requirements are not matched with the valley.\u00a0 But there are plenty of large established trees.\u00a0 It is surprising to see the trees that are shared by several states like white oak, red oak, and tulip trees.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"rha4155\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_rha4155 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_mkro155 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_sgsh155 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/353296090?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_4fvl155 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_v54g155   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Portland has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hoytarboretum.org\/\">Hoyt Arboretum<\/a>, an impressive array of trees and picnic areas along trails close to downtown and accessible by mass transit.\u00a0 The arboretum programs emphasize youth education.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"sw5p181\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_sw5p181 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_05jp181 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_j6jt181 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/arboretum-sign-les.jpg\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_fq2j181 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lnc2181   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Just north of Corvallis is <a href=\"https:\/\/cf.forestry.oregonstate.edu\/our-forests\/arboretum\">Peavy Arboretum<\/a> and the McDonald Forest.\u00a0 This includes experimental plots used by researchers at Oregon State University.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"uep8346\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_uep8346 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_kp1t346 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_f5t5346 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/arboretum-trees.jpg\" alt=\"Tress near the parking areas have labels to assist with identification.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Tress near the parking areas have labels to assist with identification.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_sdak346 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ouuk346 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/arboretum-trail.jpg\" alt=\"Trails wind through new and old experimental plots.\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Trails wind through new and old experimental plots.        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"cnkg294\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_cnkg294 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ykld294 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"0y5e674\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_0y5e674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_7kya674 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dnw7674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>All of these arboretums highlight the environmental, cultural, and economic significance of trees.\u00a0 Earlier in the course we talked about <a href=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/index.php\/envirobio\/biomes\/latitudes\/taiga\/\">trees<\/a> in the context of forests and identified different types of coniferous trees.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"dnw9777\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_dnw9777 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_h5iy777 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_b1p7777   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Think of a &#8220;tree.&#8221;<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>What comes to mind?\u00a0 This video gets us thinking about what we already know about trees before adding in new information.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_2lsz777 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430210261?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"ba87329\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_ba87329 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_9xml329 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_g8b3329   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>From earlier in the course, <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/latitudes\/taiga\/#\">trees<\/a> are vascular plants that are either gymnosperms (&#8220;naked&#8221; seeds often in cones) or angiosperms (seeds in fruit that developed from flower ovaries).\u00a0 Provide an example of a gymnosperm tree and an angiosperm tree.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"3tla428\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_3tla428 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_91p4428 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_wow9674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_mios674 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_edmp674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Tree Anatomy<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"g3gy105\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_g3gy105 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_snb4105 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_q7dm105\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_j8oz105 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2bjq105 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/shutterstock_1505005022-1-1024x599.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"599\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_y9f4105 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_m624105   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>If you cut through the woody stem of a tree, there are clearly visible zones.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_hum9674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_gecn674 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_w6uj674\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_x676674 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dans674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Heartwood (center) consists of dead cells in the center (\u201cheart\u201d) of the stem. The surrounding layer, which is generally lighter in color, is the sapwood, which consists of living xylem cells that transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. This layer is surrounded by the cork cambium, which includes the phloem, cells that transport sugar from the leaves to the roots, as well as bark which protects the entire stem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_ig5n674 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_scsr674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/heartwood-1024x495.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"495\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_20ps674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_okr3674 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tb_syt7674\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_9g0f674 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_sh8q674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n                \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_72bx674 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yldk674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 8\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Spring rain produces wide light-colored areas of tree rings called earlywood (springwood). When the growth rate slows in the fall and winter, the darker narrower areas of tree rings are formed. This is called the latewood (summerwood). So, one annual ring typically has both a light springwood area, and a darker summerwood area.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"0qnp27\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_0qnp27 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_56jl27 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_qmnm27 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430875457?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_19ng27 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kpu827   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>All of the &#8220;-wood&#8221; ending names can be confusing.\u00a0 This specimen box may clear this up.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"pewx221\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_pewx221 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_u62o221 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9mmc221   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>A tree round, the cross-section of a woody tree stem, can tell a story of that tree&#8217;s growth history.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_zywu221 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430883534?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"testimonial\" data-css_id=\"zbon943\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-testimonial tb_zbon943 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_omly943 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_n165943   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h4>Economic Use of Trees<\/h4>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_g5b0943\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_pfdq943 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7uvp943 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/softwood-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"250\" title=\"Softwood\" alt=\"Softwood refers to wood from gymnosperm tree species (typically conifers).  Examples: pine, fir, cedar\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Softwood                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Softwood refers to wood from gymnosperm tree species (typically conifers).  Examples: pine, fir, cedar        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_n8ah943 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_44vt943 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/hardwood-1024x597.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"250\" title=\"Hardwood\" alt=\"Hardwood is used to describe angiosperm tree species (flowering and typically broad- leaved).  Examples: oak, cherry, maple\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Hardwood                            <\/h3>\n                        <div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n            Hardwood is used to describe angiosperm tree species (flowering and typically broad- leaved).  Examples: oak, cherry, maple        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/image-caption -->\n            <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-css_id=\"2s7z239\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_2s7z239 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_3neu239 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_qjfc674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_hgc6674 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xq4o674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Identification<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"slah726\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_slah726 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_381z726 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nyub726   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Trees can be classified based on many different characteristics, including overall shape, size, bark, wood, and leaves.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_dxxr726 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430884368?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"dhlv58\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_dhlv58 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_kgj258 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_34uw58 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430879394?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_l6hs58 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_veed58   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Bark can be used in tree identification.\u00a0 Some species like cork trees of the Mediterranean have very distinct barks.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"36x8390\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_36x8390 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_fm9e390 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_k0my390   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Birch tree bark has large horizontal lenticels and an otherwise smooth surface.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_xaaf390 last\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_64w8390 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/365861978?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"gqaq775\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_gqaq775 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_5px9775 first\">\n                    <div  class=\"module themify_builder_slider_wrap tf_clearfix module-slider tb_7zhn775  slider-default  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"themify_builder_slider tf_carousel tf_swiper-container tf_rel tf_overflow\" data-lazy=\"1\"        data-visible=\"3\"\n        data-tab-visible=\"0\"\n        data-mob-visible=\"0\"\n        data-scroll=\"1\"\n                            data-auto=\"6000\"\n            data-controller=\"0\"\n            data-pause_hover=\"1\"\n                data-speed=\"normal\"\n        data-wrapvar=\"1\"\n        data-slider_nav=\"1\"\n        data-pager=\"1\"\n        data-effect=\"scroll\" \n        data-height=\"auto\"\n        data-css_url=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/themes\/themify-ultra\/themify\/themify-builder\/css\/modules\/sliders\/carousel,https:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/themes\/themify-ultra\/themify\/themify-builder\/css\/modules\/sliders\/slider\"\n                    >\n        <div class=\"tf_swiper-wrapper tf_lazy tf_rel tf_w tf_h tf_textc\">\n                         <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-b.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-b.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-c.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-c.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-a.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-a.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\" style=\"content-visibility:hidden\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-e.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-e.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\" style=\"content-visibility:hidden\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-g.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-g.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\" style=\"content-visibility:hidden\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-i.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-i.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\" style=\"content-visibility:hidden\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-l.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-l.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\" style=\"content-visibility:hidden\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-m.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-m.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\" style=\"content-visibility:hidden\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-n.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-n.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>                     <div class=\"tf_swiper-slide\" style=\"content-visibility:hidden\">            <div class=\"slide-inner-wrap\">\n                                    <div class=\"tf_rel tf_lazy slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" class=\"tf_svg_lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-v.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-v.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>                                            <\/div>\n                \n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"jb9t973\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_jb9t973 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_fqvx973 first\">\n                    <!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_kvmr973 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/430882620?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_pxrc973 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2ixc973   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Most of our interactions with trees is with the wood in our homes.\u00a0 Wood colors and grain patterns can be used to identify trees.<\/strong><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"vd1w674\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_vd1w674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_zt1r674 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5grk674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>This is the end of the <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/#\">Living Collections Guide<\/a>.\u00a0 The materials from this guide and corresponding lecture, as well as the <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/global\/#\">Global Guide<\/a> are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"7jm0674\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_7jm0674 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_dmnv674 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_4mwa674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/a4-1.jpg\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_rnfc674 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qiwj674    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cyla674    wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li><strong>provide examples of different types of arboretums including the functions they serve?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>identify different parts of a cross-section of a tree stem and provide examples of different types of wood?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>distinguish between different structures used to classify trees?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"2wou674\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_2wou674 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle gutter-none tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gkx1674 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_q58c674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aviary\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ok7u674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Aviary Page<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_gnhc674 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1glh674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2568674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Go back to the Living Collections Overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_odrb673 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_7jlt673 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_84sd674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Living Collections Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_2xp6674 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #808000;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ou1n674   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_quea673\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_5ej1674 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_pmuk674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aquarium\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Aquarium\" alt=\"Aquarium\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aquarium\/#\">\n                        Aquarium                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_xqbd674\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_zy2s674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/zoo\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Zoo\" alt=\"Zoo\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/zoo\/#\">\n                        Zoo                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_wzsy674\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_le1j674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aviary\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Aviary\" alt=\"Aviary\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aviary\/#\">\n                        Aviary                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_cf3v674 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_pc31674 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Arboretum - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Arboretum - YOU ARE HERE\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    Arboretum - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"hy4l673\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_hy4l673 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top gutter-none tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_abtu301 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_adn0301 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vezw301   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 8<\/h3>\n<h5>Impacts<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_vkmb673\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2t0u673 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/#\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_iwm6673   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h5>Living Collections<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_pmw4673 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1cdi673 image-top circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_h1b7673   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arboretum Objectives<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":29815,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29859","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">\n<h1>Arboretum<br\/>Collections of Trees for Study<\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"1024\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/a4-1.jpg\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">\n<h3><strong>Arboretum Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li><strong>Provide examples of different types of arboretums including the functions they serve.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Identify different parts of a cross-section of a tree stem and provide examples of different types of wood.<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>Distinguish between different structures used to classify trees.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<h5>An arboretum is a collection of trees that can be grown for research, educational, and\/or recreational purposes.<\/h5>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/353296228[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">If you are driving south on I-5 between Portland and Corvallis, a highlight is the \"Grove of the States\" collection of trees located at the French Prairie Rest Area.\u00a0 Besides the usual restrooms and occasional free coffee, there are state trees from most of the 50 states.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/mark-tree-grove-1024x768.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">\n<h6>Not all of the trees have made it; their climate requirements are not matched with the valley.\u00a0 But there are plenty of large established trees.\u00a0 It is surprising to see the trees that are shared by several states like white oak, red oak, and tulip trees.<\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/353296090[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Portland has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hoytarboretum.org\/\">Hoyt Arboretum<\/a>, an impressive array of trees and picnic areas along trails close to downtown and accessible by mass transit.\u00a0 The arboretum programs emphasize youth education.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/arboretum-sign-les.jpg\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Just north of Corvallis is <a href=\"https:\/\/cf.forestry.oregonstate.edu\/our-forests\/arboretum\">Peavy Arboretum<\/a> and the McDonald Forest.\u00a0 This includes experimental plots used by researchers at Oregon State University.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/arboretum-trees.jpg\" alt=\"Tress near the parking areas have labels to assist with identification.\"> Tress near the parking areas have labels to assist with identification.\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/arboretum-trail.jpg\" alt=\"Trails wind through new and old experimental plots.\"> Trails wind through new and old experimental plots.\n<h5>All of these arboretums highlight the environmental, cultural, and economic significance of trees.\u00a0 Earlier in the course we talked about <a href=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/index.php\/envirobio\/biomes\/latitudes\/taiga\/\">trees<\/a> in the context of forests and identified different types of coniferous trees.<\/h5>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Think of a \"tree.\"<\/strong><\/h6> <h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>What comes to mind?\u00a0 This video gets us thinking about what we already know about trees before adding in new information.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430210261[\/embed]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>From earlier in the course, <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/online-envirobio\/biomes\/latitudes\/taiga\/#\">trees<\/a> are vascular plants that are either gymnosperms (\"naked\" seeds often in cones) or angiosperms (seeds in fruit that developed from flower ovaries).\u00a0 Provide an example of a gymnosperm tree and an angiosperm tree.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Tree Anatomy<\/h2>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/shutterstock_1505005022-1-1024x599.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"599\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">\n<p>If you cut through the woody stem of a tree, there are clearly visible zones.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Heartwood (center) consists of dead cells in the center (\u201cheart\u201d) of the stem. The surrounding layer, which is generally lighter in color, is the sapwood, which consists of living xylem cells that transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. This layer is surrounded by the cork cambium, which includes the phloem, cells that transport sugar from the leaves to the roots, as well as bark which protects the entire stem.<\/p>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/heartwood-1024x495.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"495\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">\n\n<p>Spring rain produces wide light-colored areas of tree rings called earlywood (springwood). When the growth rate slows in the fall and winter, the darker narrower areas of tree rings are formed. This is called the latewood (summerwood). So, one annual ring typically has both a light springwood area, and a darker summerwood area.\u00a0<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430875457[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>All of the \"-wood\" ending names can be confusing.\u00a0 This specimen box may clear this up.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>A tree round, the cross-section of a woody tree stem, can tell a story of that tree's growth history.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430883534[\/embed]\n<h4>Economic Use of Trees<\/h4>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/softwood-1024x682.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"250\" title=\"Softwood\" alt=\"Softwood refers to wood from gymnosperm tree species (typically conifers). Examples: pine, fir, cedar\"> <h3> Softwood <\/h3> Softwood refers to wood from gymnosperm tree species (typically conifers). Examples: pine, fir, cedar\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/hardwood-1024x597.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"250\" title=\"Hardwood\" alt=\"Hardwood is used to describe angiosperm tree species (flowering and typically broad- leaved). Examples: oak, cherry, maple\"> <h3> Hardwood <\/h3> Hardwood is used to describe angiosperm tree species (flowering and typically broad- leaved). Examples: oak, cherry, maple\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Identification<\/h2>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Trees can be classified based on many different characteristics, including overall shape, size, bark, wood, and leaves.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430884368[\/embed]\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430879394[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Bark can be used in tree identification.\u00a0 Some species like cork trees of the Mediterranean have very distinct barks.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Birch tree bark has large horizontal lenticels and an otherwise smooth surface.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/365861978[\/embed]\n<img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-b.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-b.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-c.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-c.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-a.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-a.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-e.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-e.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-g.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-g.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-i.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-i.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-l.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-l.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-m.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-m.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-n.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-n.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript> <img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%27http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%27%20width='0'%20height='0'%20viewBox=%270%200%200%200%27%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" loading=\"lazy\" data-lazy=\"1\" data-tf-not-load=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-tf-src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-v.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><noscript><img data-tf-not-load data-no-script src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/bark-v.jpg\" height=\"400\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"><\/noscript>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/430882620[\/embed]\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Most of our interactions with trees is with the wood in our homes.\u00a0 Wood colors and grain patterns can be used to identify trees.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h5>This is the end of the <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/#\">Living Collections Guide<\/a>.\u00a0 The materials from this guide and corresponding lecture, as well as the <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/global\/#\">Global Guide<\/a> are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/biotas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/a4-1.jpg\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\">\n<h5><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul> <li><strong>provide examples of different types of arboretums including the functions they serve?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>identify different parts of a cross-section of a tree stem and provide examples of different types of wood?<\/strong><\/li> <li><strong>distinguish between different structures used to classify trees?<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aviary\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Aviary Page<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"> <\/a>\n<h5>Go back to the Living Collections Overview<\/h5>\n<h3>Living Collections Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>This guide and lecture material are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aquarium\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Aquarium\" alt=\"Aquarium\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aquarium\/#\"> Aquarium <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/zoo\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Zoo\" alt=\"Zoo\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/zoo\/#\"> Zoo <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aviary\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Aviary\" alt=\"Aviary\"> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/aviary\/#\"> Aviary <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Arboretum - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"Arboretum - YOU ARE HERE\"> <h3> Arboretum - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 8<\/h3> <h5>Impacts<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/campus-envirobio\/impacts\/living-collections\/#\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"1000\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h5>Living Collections<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" title=\"8b4 Arboretum\" alt=\"8b4 Arboretum\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29859"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30280,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29859\/revisions\/30280"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vividscience.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}